p53 is one of the most well-studied tumor suppressors. It is mutated or deleted in half of all cancers. In the other half carrying wild type p53, the p53 signaling pathway is disrupted by abnormalities of other components in the pathway. Due to its paramount role in tumor suppression, p53 has attracted great interest in drug development as any clinically successful therapeutic agent to target the p53 pathway will save millions of lives. However, designing therapeutics targeting the pathway has been extremely challenging, despite more than forty years of research. This review will summarize past and current efforts of developing p53-based gene therapy and targeted therapies for cancer treatment. In addition, the current efforts of exploiting the immunogenicity of p53 protein for cancer immunotherapy will be reviewed. Challenges and future directions for targeting the p53 pathway will be discussed.

p53 是研究最深入的肿瘤抑制因子之一。它在一半的癌症中发生突变或缺失。在携带野生型 p53 的另一半中，p53 信号通路被通路中其他成分的异常所破坏。由于其在肿瘤抑制中的重要作用，p53 在药物开发中引起了极大的兴趣，因为任何临床上成功的靶向 p53 通路的治疗剂都将挽救数百万人的生命。然而，尽管进行了 40 多年的研究，但设计针对该途径的治疗方法一直极具挑战性。这篇综述将总结过去和当前在开发基于 p53 的基因治疗和癌症治疗靶向治疗方面所做的努力。此外，将回顾目前利用 p53 蛋白的免疫原性进行癌症免疫治疗的努力。