Abstract The emergence and dominance of lithium-ion batteries in expanding markets such as consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage are driving enormous interests and investments in the battery sector. The explosively growing demand is generating a huge number of spent lithium-ion batteries, thereby urging the development of cost-effective and environmentally sustainable recycling technologies to manage end-of-life batteries. Currently, the recycling of end-of-life batteries is still in its infancy, with many fundamental and technological hurdles to overcome. Here, the authors provide an overview of the current state of battery recycling by outlining and evaluating the incentives, key issues, and recycling strategies. The authors highlight a direct recycling strategy through discussion of its benefits, processes, and challenges. Perspectives on the future energy and environmental science of this important field is also discussed with respect to a new concept introduced as the Battery Identity Global Passport (BIGP).

中文翻译：

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回收锂离子电池的能源和环境方面：电池标识全球通行证的概念

摘要 锂离子电池在消费电子、电动汽车和可再生能源存储等不断扩大的市场中的出现和主导地位正在推动电池领域的巨大兴趣和投资。爆炸性增长的需求正在产生大量废旧锂离子电池，从而推动开发具有成本效益且环境可持续的回收技术来管理报废电池。目前，报废电池的回收仍处于起步阶段，需要克服许多基本和技术障碍。在这里，作者通过概述和评估激励措施、关键问题和回收策略，概述了电池回收的现状。作者通过讨论直接回收策略的好处、过程、和挑战。还针对作为电池身份全球护照 (BIGP) 引入的新概念，讨论了对这一重要领域的未来能源和环境科学的展望。