Carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) is a new strategy to combat climate change. CO₂ sequestration using calcium-rich wastes has been extensively studied since calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) can be produced for various. In this review, the gaps between carbon capture technologies and carbonation are thoroughly discussed. Direct carbonation which involves the carbonation of calcium rich particles using CO₂ should be integrated with adsorption, membrane gas separation and cryogenic separation. Wet carbonation should be integrated with absorption and further adjusted to control the particle size and polymorphs. Among the polymorphs, amorphous CaCO₃ nanoparticles have drawn great attention due to their large surface area. The modification of CaCO₃ was then reviewed for increasing demand of hydrophobic CaCO₃. There are technical gaps exist in CCUS using CaCO₃, but the current scientific studies proposed some practical strategies for its implementation at large scale with economic feasibility. Membrane technology and alternative absorbent can enhance gas absorption to meet the requirement of wet carbonation for process integration. The economy potential of CaCO₃ should be elevated through particle size reduction, surface area enlargement and chemical functionalisation.

碳捕获，利用和储存（CCUS）是应对气候变化的新战略。由于可以生产多种碳酸钙（CaCO ₃），因此对使用富含钙的废物进行的CO ₂隔离进行了广泛的研究。在这篇综述中，对碳捕获技术与碳化之间的差距进行了彻底的讨论。直接碳酸化（包括使用CO ₂富钙颗粒的碳酸化）应与吸附，膜气体分离和低温分离结合在一起。湿碳酸应与吸收结合在一起，并进一步调整以控制粒径和多晶型物。在多晶型物中，无定形CaCO ₃纳米颗粒由于其较大的表面积而备受关注。然后审查了对CaCO ₃的改性，以增加对疏水性CaCO _3的需求。使用CaCO _3的CCUS技术上还存在技术空白，但目前的科学研究提出了一些可行的策略，以期在经济上可行。膜技术和替代吸收剂可以增强气体吸收能力，以满足工艺集成过程中湿式碳化的要求。应通过减小粒径，增加表面积和化学官能化来提高CaCO ₃的经济潜力。