Abstract The effect of precipitating high-energy particles on atmospheric physics and chemistry is extensively studied over the last decade. In majority of the existing models, the precipitating particles induced ionization plays an essential role. For such effects, it is necessary to possess enhanced increase in ion production, specifically during the winter period. In this study, we focus on highly penetrating particles - cosmic rays. The galactic cosmic rays are the main source of ionization in the Earth’s stratosphere and troposphere. On the other hand, the atmospheric ionization may be significantly enhanced during strong solar energetic particle events, mainly over the polar caps. A specific interest is paid to the most energetic solar proton events leading to counting rate enhancement of ground-based detectors, namely the so-called ground level enhancements (GLEs). During solar cycle 23, several strong ground level enhancements were observed. A sequence of three GLEs was observed in October-November 2003, the Halloween events. Here, on the basis of 3-D Monte Carlo model, we computed the energetic particles induced atmospheric ionization, explicitly considering the contribution of cosmic rays with galactic and solar origin. The ion production rates were computed as a function of the altitude above sea level using reconstructed solar energetic particles spectra. The 24 h and event averaged ionization effects relative to the average due to galactic cosmic rays were also computed.

中文翻译：

---

2003 年 10 月至 11 月万圣节 GLE 活动期间地球大气层中的电离效应

摘要 在过去十年中，高能粒子沉淀对大气物理和化学的影响得到了广泛的研究。在大多数现有模型中，沉淀粒子引起的电离起着至关重要的作用。对于这种效果，有必要增加离子产量，特别是在冬季期间。在这项研究中，我们专注于高穿透力粒子——宇宙射线。银河宇宙射线是地球平流层和对流层电离的主要来源。另一方面，在强太阳高能粒子事件期间，主要是在极冠上空，大气电离可能会显着增强。特别关注导致地面探测器计数率提高的最具活力的太阳质子事件，即所谓的地面增强（GLE）。在第 23 个太阳周期期间，观测到了几次强烈的地面增强。在 2003 年 10 月至 11 月的万圣节活动中，观察到了一系列三个 GLE。在这里，我们基于 3-D 蒙特卡罗模型，计算了高能粒子引起的大气电离，明确考虑了来自银河系和太阳系的宇宙射线的贡献。使用重建的太阳高能粒子光谱计算离子产生率作为海拔高度的函数。还计算了 24 小时和事件平均电离效应相对于银河宇宙射线引起的平均值。万圣节活动。在这里，我们基于 3-D 蒙特卡罗模型，计算了高能粒子引起的大气电离，明确考虑了来自银河系和太阳系的宇宙射线的贡献。使用重建的太阳高能粒子光谱计算离子产生率作为海拔高度的函数。还计算了 24 小时和事件平均电离效应相对于银河宇宙射线造成的平均值。万圣节活动。在这里，我们基于 3-D 蒙特卡罗模型，计算了高能粒子引起的大气电离，明确考虑了来自银河系和太阳系的宇宙射线的贡献。使用重建的太阳高能粒子光谱计算离子产生率作为海拔高度的函数。还计算了 24 小时和事件平均电离效应相对于银河宇宙射线造成的平均值。