Abstract Interpretation of seismic reflection profiles tied to well controls allowed assessing the stratigraphic and structural style of the Sulaiman Fold-Thrust Belt (SFTB) including the Zindapir Anticline (ZA) and the adjacent Sulaiman Foredeep. Seismic attributes and facies analysis have shown that in the subsurface of the Sulaiman Foredeep, the presence of shallow marine shelfal deposits is seismically characterized by well-imaged prograding systems of the Paleocene–Eocene age. This same stratigraphic unit also contains packages of divergent reflections fanning towards the west, forming a prominent stratigraphic thickness expansion. The presence of prograding units and the occurrence of stratigraphic thickening are explained with a phase of accelerated subsidence, likely related to an early stage of the SFTB orogeny during the Indian Plate-Afghan Block collision that caused crustal flexure and the formation of an initial foreland basin to the east. Progressive deformation towards the east is evidenced by well-developed, 2–14 km wide, Neogene faulted-detachment folds in the ZA area, that contrast with open folds of the same age observed further to the east, affecting the near surface strata. This recent deformation event may indicate the influence of the Indian-Afghan collisional tectonics during the Oligocene–Miocene. The evolution of the SFTB in this study has significant implications for exploration of new petroleum plays.

中文翻译：

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苏莱曼褶皱冲断带前缘（巴基斯坦）地震地层结构：东冈瓦纳断片白垩纪-古近系地层资源潜力的制约因素

摘要 对与井控相关的地震反射剖面的解释允许评估苏莱曼褶皱逆冲带 (SFTB) 的地层和构造样式，包括 Zindapir 背斜 (ZA) 和相邻的苏莱曼前渊。地震属性和相分析表明，在 Sulaiman Foredeep 的地下，浅海陆架沉积物的存在具有地震特征，其特征是古新世-始新世时代的进积系统成像良好。这个相同的地层单元还包含向西扇形的发散反射包，形成显着的地层厚度扩展。进积单元的存在和地层增厚的出现可以用加速沉降的阶段来解释，这可能与印度板块-阿富汗地块碰撞期间 SFTB 造山运动的早期阶段有关，这导致地壳弯曲和东部初始前陆盆地的形成。ZA 地区的新近系断层拆离褶皱发育良好，宽度为 2-14 公里，这证明了向东进行的渐进变形，这与在更远的东部观察到的相同时代的开放褶皱形成对比，影响了近地表地层。最近的这一变形事件可能表明了渐新世-中新世期间印度-阿富汗碰撞构造的影响。本研究中 SFTB 的演变对新油气区的勘探具有重要意义。ZA 地区的新近纪断层拆离褶皱宽 2-14 公里，与在更远的东部观察到的相同时代的开放褶皱形成对比，影响了近地表地层。最近的这一变形事件可能表明了渐新世-中新世期间印度-阿富汗碰撞构造的影响。本研究中 SFTB 的演变对新油气区的勘探具有重要意义。ZA 地区的新近纪断层拆离褶皱宽 2-14 公里，与在更远的东部观察到的相同时代的开放褶皱形成对比，影响了近地表地层。最近的这一变形事件可能表明了渐新世-中新世期间印度-阿富汗碰撞构造的影响。本研究中 SFTB 的演变对新油气区的勘探具有重要意义。