Abstract This research investigated spatial and temporal environmental changes associated with climatic variability and off-highway vehicle (OHV) activity in the Algodones Dunes, California, using time-series analysis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer imagery from 2001 to 2016. We compared changes in land cover, surface albedo, and surface temperatures between the Imperial Sand Dunes Recreation Area (ISDRA) and areas with no OHV activity in the North Algodones Dunes Wilderness area (NADW). Both areas showed a decreasing normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and an increasing albedo from 2001 to 2016; however, ISDRA had a lower NDVI value and higher albedo compared to the adjacent NADW. Transects across these adjoining areas revealed substantial differences in daytime and nighttime land surface temperatures. ISDRA had an appreciably higher mean daytime temperature and a lower mean nighttime temperature compared to those within NADW. Results suggest direct association between increasing OHV activity and reduced vegetation cover, increased soil exposure, and higher daytime temperatures in the Algodones Dunes. We recommend enhanced monitoring of ecosystem and land use changes coupled with enhanced land use management to reduce the contributions of recreational OHV activity on land degradation and to maintain habitat for key species and ecosystems of interest in the dune field.

中文翻译：

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使用 MODIS 卫星图像评估加利福尼亚 Algodones Dunes 由娱乐活动引起的土地退化

摘要 本研究使用 2001 年至 2016 年中分辨率成像光谱仪图像的时间序列分析，调查了与加利福尼亚州阿尔戈多内斯沙丘的气候变化和非公路车辆 (OHV) 活动相关的空间和时间环境变化。我们比较了土地的变化Imperial Sand Dunes Recreation Area (ISDRA) 和 North Algodones Dunes Wilderness area (NADW) 中没有 OHV 活动的区域之间的覆盖、表面反照率和表面温度。从 2001 年到 2016 年，这两个区域都表现出归一化植被指数（NDVI）下降和反照率增加；然而，与相邻的 NADW 相比，ISDRA 具有较低的 NDVI 值和较高的反照率。横穿这些相邻地区的横断面揭示了白天和夜间地表温度的显着差异。与 NADW 相比，ISDRA 的白天平均温度明显更高，夜间平均温度更低。结果表明，在 Algodones 沙丘中，OHV 活动增加与植被覆盖减少、土壤暴露增加和白天温度升高之间存在直接关联。我们建议加强对生态系统和土地利用变化的监测，同时加强土地利用管理，以减少休闲 OHV 活动对土地退化的影响，并维护沙丘区重要物种和生态系统的栖息地。Algodones 沙丘的白天温度更高。我们建议加强对生态系统和土地利用变化的监测，同时加强土地利用管理，以减少休闲 OHV 活动对土地退化的影响，并维护沙丘区重要物种和生态系统的栖息地。Algodones 沙丘的白天温度更高。我们建议加强对生态系统和土地利用变化的监测，同时加强土地利用管理，以减少休闲 OHV 活动对土地退化的影响，并维护沙丘区重要物种和生态系统的栖息地。