Abstract The vast majority of the proposed Wide Area Control (WAC) methodologies is tested and evaluated under the assumption that the system consists only of constant power loads. However, in practice power systems are dominated by non-linear loads, which can potentially affect the smooth operation of the wide area controller and deteriorate the system’s stability. This paper is firstly focused on examining the impact of various and commonly used non-linear load models (static and dynamic), such as the exponential, exponential dynamic, ZIP and ZIP-Induction Motor (ZIP-IM) load models on the WAC performance. Real-time simulations on the IEEE 39-bus dynamic test system indicate that the load recovery dynamics of the exponential dynamic load model have a severe impact on the WAC operation, leading the system to instability. Furthermore, it is illustrated that, loads with constant power/current/impedance characteristics have limited effect on the WAC damping capability, even with dynamics included. To address the impact of the exponential dynamic loads on the WAC performance, a novel wide area controller is proposed for coordinating simultaneously all the synchronous generators and controllable loads of the system. Finally, the effect of the size and flexibility of the controllable demand on the performance of the proposed scheme is also investigated, while the robustness of the proposed scheme is evaluated under measurement errors and erroneous generator parameters.

中文翻译：

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实时条件下动态负载模型对WAC运行和需求侧控制的影响

摘要 绝大多数提出的广域控制 (WAC) 方法都是在系统仅由恒定功率负载组成的假设下进行测试和评估的。然而，在实践中电力系统以非线性负载为主，这可能会影响广域控制器的平稳运行并降低系统的稳定性。本文首先重点研究各种常用的非线性负载模型（静态和动态），例如指数、指数动态、ZIP 和 ZIP-Induction Motor (ZIP-IM) 负载模型对 WAC 性能的影响. IEEE 39-bus动态测试系统的实时仿真表明，指数动态负载模型的负载恢复动态对WAC运行有严重影响，导致系统不稳定。此外，这表明，具有恒定功率/电流/阻抗特性的负载对 WAC 阻尼能力的影响有限，即使包括动态特性。为了解决指数动态负载对 WAC 性能的影响，提出了一种新颖的广域控制器，用于同时协调系统的所有同步发电机和可控负载。最后，还研究了可控需求的大小和灵活性对所提出方案性能的影响，同时评估了所提出方案在测量误差和错误发电机参数下的鲁棒性。为了解决指数动态负载对 WAC 性能的影响，提出了一种新颖的广域控制器，用于同时协调系统的所有同步发电机和可控负载。最后，还研究了可控需求的大小和灵活性对所提出方案性能的影响，同时评估了所提出方案在测量误差和错误发电机参数下的鲁棒性。为了解决指数动态负载对 WAC 性能的影响，提出了一种新颖的广域控制器，用于同时协调系统的所有同步发电机和可控负载。最后，还研究了可控需求的大小和灵活性对所提出方案性能的影响，同时评估了所提出方案在测量误差和错误发电机参数下的鲁棒性。