Abstract Formaldehyde fumes from wood composite products and oil palm biomass waste disposal are two environmental problems that need to be solved. In this work, starch from oil palm trunks was used to reduce formaldehyde usage in wood composite making. Starch was extracted using sodium metabisulphite before being chemically modified using glutardialdehyde solution. Wood composites were made using glutardialdehyde modified oil palm starch at three density levels, 0.60 g/cm3, 0.70 g/cm3 and 0.80 g/cm3. Similar wood composite with an additional 2 % urea-formaldehyde resin was also made, with urea-formaldehyde wood composite was prepared as a comparison. Wood and binder mixtures were laid into a mould and hot-pressed at 165˚C for 20 min. Produced panels were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TGA and DSC. Physical and mechanical tests were also done to evaluate the effect of binder on the strength of the wood composites. Wood panels were exposed to Schizophyllum commune, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Formitopsis palustris and Trametes versicolor to study their fungal resistance. Results showed that the addition of urea-formaldehyde helps to stabilize the wood composite when exposed to moisture. Wood composite made using glutardialdehyde modified oil palm starch showed excellent properties at a 0.80 g/cm3 density level where the MOR, MOE and internal bonding strength were recorded as 15.45 N/mm2, 3944.62 N/mm2 and 0.59 N/mm2, respectively. These were further increased by the addition of 2 % urea-formaldehyde with the strength measured as 18.06 N/mm2, 3626.48 N/mm2 and 0.65 N/mm2, respectively. All of the wood composites passed the requirement of Japanese Industrial Standard, with the addition of urea-formaldehyde into the formulation further improving their moisture and fungal resistance. Glutardialdehyde modified oil palm starch has the potential to be used in wood composite making, based on the results obtained.

中文翻译：

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废油棕树干戊二醛改性淀粉作为木材复合材料的粘合剂

摘要 木质复合产品甲醛烟雾和油棕生物质废弃物处理是两个亟待解决的环境问题。在这项工作中，来自油棕树干的淀粉被用于减少木材复合材料制造中的甲醛使用量。在使用戊二醛溶液进行化学改性之前，使用焦亚硫酸钠提取淀粉。木材复合材料是使用戊二醛改性的油棕淀粉在三个密度水平，0.60 g/cm3、0.70 g/cm3 和 0.80 g/cm3 制成的。还制备了添加 2% 脲醛树脂的类似木材复合材料，并制备了脲醛木材复合材料作为对比。将木材和粘合剂混合物放入模具中，并在 165°C 下热压 20 分钟。使用 FT-IR、XRD、TGA 和 DSC 对生产的面板进行表征。还进行了物理和机械测试以评估粘合剂对木质复合材料强度的影响。将木板暴露于 Schizophyllum community、Pycnoporus sanguineus、Formitopsis palustris 和 Trametes versicolor 以研究它们的抗真菌性。结果表明，当木材复合材料暴露在潮湿环境中时，加入脲甲醛有助于稳定其稳定性。使用戊二醛改性油棕淀粉制成的木材复合材料在 0.80 g/cm3 密度水平下显示出优异的性能，其中 MOR、MOE 和内部粘合强度分别记录为 15.45 N/mm2、3944.62 N/mm2 和 0.59 N/mm2。通过添加 2% 脲醛进一步增加了这些强度，测得的强度分别为 18.06 N/mm2、3626.48 N/mm2 和 0.65 N/mm2。所有木质复合材料均通过了日本工业标准的要求，并在配方中添加了脲醛，进一步提高了其抗湿性和抗真菌性。根据获得的结果，戊二醛改性油棕淀粉有可能用于木材复合材料的制造。