Abstract Highly curved orogens often demonstrate a complex poly-phase tectonic evolution and significant strain partitioning. While the oroclinal bending towards the outer arc is understood to be often driven by rapid slab roll-back, processes driving such bending towards the back-arc domain are less understood. The Serbian segment of the larger, highly bended Carpathians–Balkanides Mountains is one key example where we studied the kinematics of nappe stacking and the mechanics of oroclinal bending by the means of a field kinematic study correlated with available information in adjacent orogenic segments. Although not apparent in the large-scale structure of the Serbian Carpathians, our results demonstrate a poly-phase evolution, where the late Early Cretaceous nappe stacking was followed by Oligocene–middle Miocene ~40° of clockwise rotations. The superposition of Dinarides extension with the oroclinal bending in the Carpathians created overlapping stages of orogen-perpendicular extension and dextral strike-slip coupled with orogen-parallel extension, driven by the 100 km cumulated offset of the Cerna and Timok Faults. Extension was associated with the formation of Oligocene–Miocene basins, providing critical timing constraints for our kinematic study. These deformations were followed by the late Miocene E-ward thrusting of the Upper Getic sub-unit, which was driven by a transfer of deformation in the orocline and around the Moesian Platform during the last stages of Carpathians collision. These results show that the mechanics of oroclinal bending is associated with the activation of strike-slip faults and strain partitioning by bi-modal extension, enhanced by the overlap between different geodynamic processes.

中文翻译：

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理解高度弧形造山系统中变形的划分：来自塞尔维亚喀尔巴阡山脉演化的推论

摘要 高度弯曲的造山带往往表现出复杂的多相构造演化和显着的应变分配。虽然通常认为朝外弧的斜向弯曲通常是由板坯快速回滚驱动的，但驱动这种朝弧后区域弯曲的过程却鲜为人知。较大的、高度弯曲的喀尔巴阡山脉 - 巴尔干尼德山脉的塞尔维亚段是一个重要的例子，我们通过与相邻造山段的可用信息相关的现场运动学研究来研究推覆堆叠的运动学和斜倾弯曲力学。尽管在塞尔维亚喀尔巴阡山脉的大规模结构中并不明显，但我们的结果表明存在多相演化，其中晚早白垩世推覆堆积之后是渐新世-中中新世~40°顺时针旋转。Dinarides 伸展与喀尔巴阡山脉的口斜弯曲的叠加，在 Cerna 和 Timok 断层的 100 公里累积偏移的驱动下，造成了造山带垂直伸展和右旋走滑以及造山带平行伸展的重叠阶段。延伸与渐新世-中新世盆地的形成有关，为我们的运动学研究提供了关键的时间限制。这些变形之后是中新世晚期 E-ward 上盖蒂克亚单元的逆冲，这是由在喀尔巴阡山脉碰撞的最后阶段中斜斜和 Moesian 地台周围变形的转移所驱动的。这些结果表明，口斜弯曲力学与走滑断层的激活和双峰伸展引起的应变分割有关，