Abstract Despite widespread acknowledgement of the importance of entrepreneurship for poverty alleviation, studies on entrepreneurship are scant for farmers engaged in the production of non-timber forest products. This study, therefore, examines the entrepreneurial status of farmers involved in the production of non-timber forest products, focusing on those involved in a reforestation scheme in three forest districts in Ghana. Caird's revised General Entrepreneurial Tendency test and quantile regression were used to calculate farmers' entrepreneurial scores and the respective influencing factors. Results show that most farmers had low to medium entrepreneurial scores. Across all quantiles, market information and value-addition knowledge had a positive influence on farmers' entrepreneurial scores. The study also revealed quantile-specific factors, with demographic factors (age, gender), years of farming, and networks with value-chain actors having a significant influence only at the lower quantile of entrepreneurial scores, and personal commitment, adaptability to new technology, and scientific advice being more significant at the upper quantile. At the low-to-median quantiles of entrepreneurial scores, socio-economic factors such as land size and off-farm jobs had a positive influence. The paper concludes that farmers with different entrepreneurial scores are susceptible to different factors that help or hinder improving their scores. This implies that entrepreneurship development programmes should be tailored to different farmer segments. Out of inclusivity and feasibility concerns, we recommend achieving this through an integrated yet diversified approach that combines generic and segment-specific needs. One way of doing so is through an annual market fair/exhibition during which NTFPs from community reforestation schemes are branded; networking opportunities among value chain actors are offered; market information on prices, demand and available buyers is provided; and training workshops on post-harvesting processing technologies are organised.

中文翻译：

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加纳非木材林产品种植农民的创业行为：支持重新造林政策的分析

摘要 尽管创业对脱贫攻坚的重要性得到广泛认可，但从事非木材林产品生产的农民对创业的研究却很少。因此，本研究调查了参与非木材林产品生产的农民的创业状况，重点关注加纳三个林区重新造林计划中的农民。采用Caird修订后的一般创业倾向检验和分位数回归计算农民创业得分及其影响因素。结果表明，大多数农民的创业分数处于中低水平。在所有分位数中，市场信息和增值知识对农民的创业得分都有积极影响。该研究还揭示了特定于分位数的因素，人口因素（年龄、性别）、耕作年限和价值链参与者的网络仅对创业分数的较低分位数有显着影响，以及个人承诺、对新技术的适应性和科学建议在上分位数上更重要。在创业分数的中低分位数上，土地规模和非农工作等社会经济因素具有积极影响。该论文的结论是，具有不同创业分数的农民容易受到不同因素的影响，这些因素有助于或阻碍提高他们的分数。这意味着创业发展计划应该适合不同的农民群体。出于包容性和可行性考虑，我们建议通过综合但多样化的方法来实现这一目标，该方法结合了通用和细分市场的特定需求。这样做的一种方法是通过一年一度的市场交易会/展览，在此期间，来自社区重新造林计划的 NTFP 被打上品牌；提供价值链参与者之间的交流机会；提供有关价格、需求和可用买家的市场信息；并组织了关于收获后加工技术的培训班。