Abstract Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is an emerging oilseed crop combining both industrial and agronomic advantages. Camelina seed yield, oil and protein contents, and fatty-acid composition, vary across genotypes, environments, and agricultural practices. However, no studies have been conducted to identify and rank major limiting factors explaining yield and quality variations under on-farm conditions. Camelina performance was measured on 39 experimental strips corresponding to five camelina crop management routes (grown as an intercrop or sole crop), implemented in nine farmers’ fields across northern France in 2017 and 2018. The ranking of candidate limiting factors, defined a priori from scientific literature, was carried out using a model mixing method based on the Akaike Information Criterion. Main limiting factors of camelina yield (ranging from 62 to 2585 kg ha−1) were nitrogen crop status at flowering stage and downy mildew. Camelina yield was indeed positively correlated with the Nitrogen Nutrition Index at flowering stage (R2 = 0.44, p = 0.007). Oil content varied from 36.6 to 46.5 % and was negatively correlated with protein content. Main indicators explaining oil content variations were grain filling duration and downy mildew. Both poly-unsaturated and linolenic acid contents were positively correlated to grain filling duration, and negatively correlated to temperature during grain filling period. Camelina nitrogen status at flowering stage was mainly explained by N uptake of the intercropped species (pea or barley), and the amount of available inorganic nitrogen in the soil between sowing and flowering. Downy mildew was influenced by both weather conditions and the amount of weed biomass. This study showed a large variability in camelina seed yield and quality under on-farm conditions. The identification of the major limiting factors made it possible to pinpoint ways of improving camelina performance namely choosing genotypes with high resistance to mildew, better managing nitrogen fertilization or delaying camelina sowing date. Finally we also identified major research topics to be addressed to support the adoption of this new crop by farmers as the elaboration of the critical nitrogen dilution curve.

中文翻译：

---

通过农场实验网络诊断亚麻荠种子产量和质量

摘要 亚麻荠[Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz]是一种兼具工业和农艺优势的新兴油料作物。亚麻荠种子产量、油和蛋白质含量以及脂肪酸组成因基因型、环境和农业实践而异。然而，尚未进行任何研究来确定和排列解释农场条件下产量和质量变化的主要限制因素。2017 年和 2018 年在法国北部的 9 个农民田间实施的 5 条亚麻荠作物管理路线（作为间作或单一作物种植）对应的 39 个试验带测量了亚麻荠的表现。候选限制因素的排名，先验地定义了科学文献，是使用基于 Akaike 信息准则的模型混合方法进行的。亚麻籽产量的主要限制因素（从 62 到 2585 kg ha-1）是开花期的氮肥作物状况和霜霉病。亚麻荠产量确实与开花期的氮营养指数呈正相关（R2 = 0.44，p = 0.007）。油含量从 36.6% 到 46.5% 不等，与蛋白质含量呈负相关。解释含油量变化的主要指标是籽粒灌浆时间和霜霉病。多不饱和和亚麻酸含量与籽粒灌浆持续时间呈正相关，与籽粒灌浆期温度呈负相关。茶花开花期的氮素状况主要是由间作物种（豌豆或大麦）的吸氮量以及播种和开花之间土壤中有效无机氮的量来解释的。霜霉病受天气条件和杂草生物量的影响。该研究表明，在农场条件下，亚麻荠种子的产量和质量存在很大差异。确定主要限制因素使得确定提高亚麻荠性能的方法成为可能，即选择具有高抗霉性的基因型、更好地管理氮肥或延迟亚麻荠播种日期。最后，我们还确定了要解决的主要研究课题，以支持农民采用这种新作物作为关键氮稀释曲线的详细说明。确定主要限制因素使得确定提高亚麻荠性能的方法成为可能，即选择具有高抗霉性的基因型、更好地管理氮肥或延迟亚麻荠播种日期。最后，我们还确定了要解决的主要研究课题，以支持农民采用这种新作物作为关键氮稀释曲线的详细说明。确定主要限制因素使得确定提高亚麻荠性能的方法成为可能，即选择具有高抗霉性的基因型、更好地管理氮肥或延迟亚麻荠播种日期。最后，我们还确定了要解决的主要研究课题，以支持农民采用这种新作物作为关键氮稀释曲线的详细说明。