Abstract Flooding is a common and costly natural hazard, causing huge amounts of damages and loss of human life across the world. In the United States, the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) constitutes the major driver for floodplain management. NFIP, a federal program, incentivizes state and local participation by offering subsidized flood insurance to residents of localities that participate. However, to participate local governments must adopt and enforce floodplain management regulations that meet or exceed the minimum NFIP standards and requirements. The minimum requirements consist of provisions that fall within zoning requirements, subdivision regulations, and building codes. Although a multi-pronged approach may be necessary for the program to be effective, local governments, particularly in rural areas, often lack both capacity and legal authority to fit the requirements into local ordinances, which tend to focus on one approach at a time. Improved enabling authority, increased financial support, and better coordination between federal, state, and local governments are required to make participation in NFIP easier and more effective for flood prone areas in the United States.

中文翻译：

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国家洪水保险计划作为采用多种监管方法管理洪泛区的激励：宾夕法尼亚州、佛蒙特州和西弗吉尼亚州的经验教训

摘要 洪水是一种常见且代价高昂的自然灾害，在世界范围内造成了巨大的破坏和人类生命的损失。在美国，国家洪水保险计划 (NFIP) 是洪泛区管理的主要推动力。NFIP 是一项联邦计划，通过向参与地区的居民提供补贴洪水保险来激励州和地方参与。但是，要参与，地方政府必须采用和执行符合或超过最低 NFIP 标准和要求的洪泛区管理法规。最低要求包括属于分区要求、细分法规和建筑规范的规定。尽管可能需要多管齐下的方法才能使计划有效，但地方政府，特别是农村地区，往往既缺乏能力也缺乏法律权威，无法将这些要求纳入地方法令，而地方法令往往一次只关注一种方法。需要改进授权权力、增加财政支持以及联邦、州和地方政府之间更好的协调，以使美国洪水易发地区更容易、更有效地参与 NFIP。