Abstract A capacity-based equalization method for active balancing is proposed to increase the usable capacity of aged lithium-ion batteries within a minimum of balancing effort. The main goal of the presented algorithm is to predict the equalization charge for each cell, which is needed to fully charge and discharge every cell of the battery in the next cycle. For this, State-Of-Charge (SOC) and State-Of-Health (SOH) of each cell must be determined. The predicted energy is balanced at the beginning of the cycle and further balancing is performed only if the parameters of the cells change. This ensures that the minimum possible balancing effort is achieved. To validate the performance of the proposed method, a simulation is carried out. For this purpose, a battery model and Battery Management System (BMS) model are built in Matlab/Simulink. The parameters of the simulated cells differ in capacity and initial SOC to imitate an aged battery. The simulation results verify that the developed balancing method can improve the usage of aged batteries compared to conventional methods. This algorithm for active balancing can be used in second life cases of battery systems.

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一种基于容量的电动汽车老化锂离子电池均衡方法

摘要 提出了一种基于容量的主动平衡均衡方法，以在最小的平衡努力下增加老化锂离子电池的可用容量。所提出算法的主要目标是预测每个电池的均衡充电，这是在下一个循环中对电池的每个电池进行完全充电和放电所需要的。为此，必须确定每个电池的荷电状态 (SOC) 和健康状态 (SOH)。预测的能量在循环开始时被平衡，只有当电池的参数发生变化时才会执行进一步的平衡。这确保实现最小可能的平衡工作。为了验证所提出方法的性能，进行了仿真。为此，在 Matlab/Simulink 中构建了电池模型和电池管理系统 (BMS) 模型。模拟电池的参数在容量和初始 SOC 上有所不同，以模拟老化的电池。仿真结果验证了所开发的平衡方法与传统方法相比可以提高老化电池的使用率。这种主动平衡算法可用于电池系统的二次寿命案例。