Abstract International trade in ecological values is used to estimate the evolution of unequal ecological exchange of Latin America with developed regions, in the context of enhancing global value chains (1990–2015). The conceptual framework of unequal ecological exchange is operationalized using a multiregional input-output model to estimate the ecological exchange of Latin America with both developed and undeveloped regions, measured by 22 indicators representative of land use, water consumption, carbon emissions, and raw materials. The results suggest that this unequal exchange persists, even with more intensive results following the trends of international fragmentation of production.

中文翻译：

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全球价值链时代的不平等生态交换：以拉丁美洲为例

摘要 在加强全球价值链（1990-2015）的背景下，生态价值的国际贸易用于估计拉丁美洲与发达地区的不平等生态交换的演变。不平等生态交换的概念框架使用多区域投入产出模型进行操作，以估计拉丁美洲与发达和不发达地区的生态交换，通过代表土地利用、水消耗、碳排放和原材料的 22 个指标来衡量。结果表明，这种不平等的交换仍然存在，即使随着国际生产分散化的趋势而产生更密集的结果。