Abstract SnS is a layered material that crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure. This hinders the formation of a dense, pinhole-free morphology. The present study demonstrated the deposition of SnS thin films on soda-lime glass (SLG) and SLG/Mo substrates by spin-coating approach. The developed films were subsequently applied for the fabrication of a thin-film solar cell. The effect of the annealing temperature on the structural, optical, and morphological properties of the deposited SnS films was analyzed. The precursor concentrations and the annealing temperature played a critical role in determining the phase composition and morphological characteristics of the SnS thin films. TFSC with SLG/Mo/SnS/CdS/i-ZnO/AZO/Al configuration was fabricated using the optimal precursor ratio, i.e., Sn: S = 1:1.2, and this device showed a photoconversion efficiency of 0.076%. The reasons for the poor performance of the device were addressed in detail, and the scope for future research to optimize the device performance was elucidated.

中文翻译：

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前体浓度和后退火温度对旋涂沉积在 SLG/Mo 基板上的 (040) 取向硫化锡薄膜的影响

摘要 SnS 是一种以正交结构结晶的层状材料。这阻碍了致密、无针孔形态的形成。本研究证明了通过旋涂方法在钠钙玻璃 (SLG) 和 SLG/Mo 基板上沉积 SnS 薄膜。随后将开发的薄膜应用于制造薄膜太阳能电池。分析了退火温度对沉积的 SnS 薄膜的结构、光学和形态特性的影响。前驱体浓度和退火温度在决定 SnS 薄膜的相组成和形态特征方面起着关键作用。具有 SLG/Mo/SnS/CdS/i-ZnO/AZO/Al 配置的 TFSC 使用最佳前驱体比例制造，即 Sn:S = 1:1.2，该器件的光转换效率为 0.076%。详细阐述了设备性能不佳的原因，并阐明了未来优化设备性能的研究范围。