Abstract A Discrete Element Method (DEM), a computerized testing rig and a soil bin were used to explain soil profile deformation caused by mouldboard plough. By using DEM, the motion of particles is given by collisions between particles. Soil-tillage tool interaction simulation was established by a 3D geometry of a mouldboard plough created using PTC Creo Parametric 3D Modelling software and soil bed modeled by discrete element particles using EDEM software. A bond element was introduced between particles and cohesion of soil was formed to create a simulation of the actual cohesive soil. The horizontal and vertical forces and soil disturbance in terms of bulk density at different speeds and depths were investigated. However, the simulation experiments followed the field experiments which were conducted using a computerized testing rig. Further, reaction forces on the plough and the resulting bulk densities were estimated from the simulated results and compared with the actual results from the field. Also, the accuracy of the developed model to predict soil displacement was measured and compared with the soil bin data with the average relative error of 1.317%. The simulated results of horizontal, vertical forces and bulk density matched well with the results obtained in the field experiment with the relative error of 4.435, 3.029 and 3.119% respectively. The vertical force provided the best regression results of 0.9948 R 2 with RMSE of 0.5964, followed by 0.9884 R 2 with RMSE of 0.4089 and 0.8391 R 2 with RMSE of 0.5441 for horizontal force and bulk density respectively. All regression results were obtained at p 0.05 . The ANOVA test showed that the p-values for the horizontal force, vertical force and bulk density were 0.753, 0.695 and 0.025 respectively. There was no significant difference between the simulation and experiment results for cutting forces while there was a significant difference for the bulk density at p 0.05 . This model can be applied as an accurate, consistent and fast method of effective prediction of the final soil condition and forces needed for tillage operation.

中文翻译：

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使用离散元模拟预测切削力和土壤行为

摘要 采用离散元法(DEM)、计算机化试验台和土箱对犁板犁引起的土剖面变形进行解释。通过使用 DEM，粒子的运动是由粒子之间的碰撞给出的。土壤耕作工具相互作用模拟是通过使用 PTC Creo Parametric 3D 建模软件创建的犁板犁的 3D 几何结构和使用 EDEM 软件通过离散元素颗粒建模的土床来建立的。在颗粒之间引入了一个结合元素，并形成了土壤的凝聚力，以创建对实际粘性土壤的模拟。研究了水平和垂直力以及不同速度和深度下体积密度方面的土壤扰动。然而，模拟实验是在使用计算机化测试台进行的现场实验之后进行的。更多，犁上的反作用力和由此产生的体积密度是根据模拟结果估算的，并与现场的实际结果进行比较。此外，还测量了所开发模型预测土壤位移的准确性，并与平均相对误差为 1.317% 的土壤箱数据进行了比较。水平力、垂直力和容重模拟结果与现场试验结果吻合较好，相对误差分别为4.435、3.029和3.119%。垂直力提供了最好的回归结果，0.9948 R 2 的均方根误差为 0.5964，其次是 0.9884 R 2 的均方根误差为 0.4089 和 0.8391 R 2 分别为水平力和体积密度的均方根误差为 0.5441。所有回归结果均在 p 0.05 处获得。ANOVA 检验表明水平力的 p 值，垂直力和体积密度分别为 0.753、0.695 和 0.025。切削力的模拟和实验结果之间没有显着差异，而体积密度在 p 0.05 时有显着差异。该模型可以作为一种准确、一致和快速的方法来有效预测最终土壤条件和耕作操作所需的力。