Cognitive radio network has been proposed as a promising technology to satisfy the manifold requirements of future generation (5G) wireless system by intelligently accessing the underutilized channel of a primary user. However, due to the heterogeneity in channel propagation characteristics, intermittent availability of licensed channel, recurrent hand-offs, and need of a protection to primary users, finding a successful route is more challenging. Also, incorporation of opportunistic spectrum access in cognitive radio network requires a potential spectrum management functions across the network layers. Hence, a cross-layered channel assignment algorithm and routing algorithm is proposed for a cognitive radio ad hoc network which can overcome above-mentioned challenges and provide a stable path for routing of data packets. A novel metric, for the probability of successful transmission of a channel is derived by considering channel statistics, sensing periodicity of the cognitive user, and time-varying channel quality. Also, the number of available channels and their characteristics is considered for the selection of a next-hop node with an aim to avoid the one-hop neighbors located in the PU transmission range. The proposed routing protocol is simulated in ns-2 and compared with the existing similar protocols. The performance shows that the proposed algorithm performs better in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, number of spectrum hand-offs, and interference to the primary user in a significant manner.

认知无线电网络已被提出作为一种有前途的技术，可以通过智能访问主要用户未充分利用的信道来满足下一代（5G）无线系统的多种需求。但是，由于信道传播特性的异质性，许可信道的间歇可用性，经常性的切换以及对主要用户的保护需求，找到一条成功的路线更具挑战性。而且，将机会频谱接入并入认知无线电网络中需要跨网络层的潜在频谱管理功能。因此，提出了一种用于认知无线电自组织网络的跨层信道分配算法和路由算法，其可以克服上述挑战并提供用于路由数据分组的稳定路径。一种新颖的指标 通过考虑信道统计信息，感知用户的感知周期性以及时变信道质量来推导信道成功传输的概率。此外，为了避免位于PU传输范围内的单跳邻居，考虑了可用信道的数量及其特性以用于下一跳节点的选择。所提出的路由协议在ns-2中进行了仿真，并与现有的类似协议进行了比较。性能表明，所提出的算法在吞吐量，端到端延迟，频谱越区切换数量以及对主要用户的干扰方面表现得更好。为了选择下一跳节点，考虑了可用信道的数量及其特性，目的是避免位于PU传输范围内的单跳邻居。所提出的路由协议在ns-2中进行了仿真，并与现有的类似协议进行了比较。性能表明，所提出的算法在吞吐量，端到端延迟，频谱越区切换数量以及对主要用户的干扰方面表现得更好。为了选择下一跳节点，考虑了可用信道的数量及其特性，目的是避免位于PU传输范围内的单跳邻居。所提出的路由协议在ns-2中进行了仿真，并与现有的类似协议进行了比较。性能表明，所提出的算法在吞吐量，端到端延迟，频谱越区切换数量以及对主要用户的干扰方面表现得更好。