The use of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) is growing in different technological fields, raising concern on their potential impacts on the environment. Given its diverse nanothenological applications, graphene oxide (GO) stands out among the most widely used CNMs. Its hydrophilic capacity enables it to remain stable in suspension in water allowing that GO can be accessible for accumulation by aquatic organisms through ingestion, filtration and superficial dermal contact when present in aquatic ecosystems. Considering that the effects induced to aquatic organisms may depend on environment characteristics, such as temperature, salinity, water pH as well as the presence/absence of sediment, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of sediment on the impacts caused by GO exposure. For this, oxidative stress parameters were measured in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum, exposed to different GO concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/L), in the presence and absence of sediment, for a 28-days experimental period. The results here presented showed that regardless the presence or absence of sediment, most of the biochemical parameters considered were altered when clams were exposed to the highest concentration. The present findings further revealed that in the presence of sediment, clams mostly invested in non-enzymatic defenses (such as reduced glutathione, GSH), while animals exposed to GO in the absence of sediment favored their enzymatic antioxidant defense capacity (catalase, CAT and superoxide dismutase, SOD). This study highlights the relevance of environmental variations as key factors influencing organisms' responses to pollutants.

碳纳米材料（CNMs）的使用在不同的技术领域中不断增长，引起人们对其潜在对环境的影响的关注。鉴于其多样化的纳米技术应用，氧化石墨烯（GO）在使用最广泛的CNM中脱颖而出。它的亲水性使其能够在水中悬浮状态下保持稳定，从而使水生生态系统中存在的GO可以通过食入，过滤和表皮接触而被水生生物蓄积。考虑到对水生生物的诱导作用可能取决于环境特征，例如温度，盐度，水的pH值以及沉积物的有无，因此，本研究旨在调查沉积物对GO暴露造成的影响的影响。为此，在蛤中测量了氧化应激参数在存在和不存在沉积物的情况下，菲律宾蛤仔暴露于不同的GO浓度（0.01、0.1和1 mg / L）下，进行28天的实验。此处显示的结果表明，不管蛤the有无沉淀，当蛤regardless暴露于最高浓度时，所考虑的大多数生化参数都会改变。本研究结果进一步表明，在存在沉积物的情况下，蛤主要投资于非酶防御（例如还原型谷胱甘肽，GSH），而在没有沉积物的情况下接触GO的动物则偏爱其酶抗氧化防御能力（​​过氧化氢酶，CAT和CAT）。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）。这项研究强调了环境变化作为影响生物体对污染物反应的关键因素的相关性。