The ability of lipids to drive lateral organization is a remarkable feature of membranes and has been hypothesized to underlie the architecture of cells. Models for lipid rafts and related domains were originally based on the mammalian plasma membrane, but the nature of heterogeneity in this system is still not fully resolved. However, the concept of lipid-driven organization has been highly influential across biology, and has led to discoveries in organisms that feature a diversity of lipid chemistries and physiological needs. Here we review several emerging and instructive cases of membrane organization in non-mammalian systems. In bacteria, several types of membrane domains that act in metabolism and signaling have been elucidated. These widen our view of what constitutes a raft, but also introduce new questions about the relationship between organization and function. In yeast, observable membrane organization is found in both the plasma membrane and the vacuole. The latter serves as the best example of classic membrane phase partitioning in a living system to date, suggesting that internal organelles are important membranes to investigate across eukaryotes. Finally, we highlight plants as powerful model systems for complex membrane interactions in multicellular organisms. Plant membranes are organized by unique glycosphingolipids, supporting the importance of carbohydrate interactions in organizing lateral domains. These examples demonstrate that membrane organization is a potentially universal phenonenon in biology and argue for the continued broadening of lipid physical chemistry research into a wide range of systems.

脂质驱动横向组织的能力是膜的一个显着特征，并被假设为细胞结构的基础。脂筏和相关域的模型最初基于哺乳动物质膜，但该系统中异质性的性质仍未完全解决。然而，脂质驱动组织的概念在整个生物学中具有很高的影响力，并导致在具有多种脂质化学和生理需求的生物体中发现。在这里，我们回顾了非哺乳动物系统中膜组织的几个新兴和有指导意义的案例。在细菌中，已经阐明了在代谢和信号传导中起作用的几种类型的膜结构域。这些拓宽了我们对什么是木筏的看法，但也引入了关于组织和职能之间关系的新问题。在酵母中，在质膜和液泡中都发现了可观察到的膜组织。后者是迄今为止生命系统中经典膜相分配的最佳例子，表明内部细胞器是研究真核生物的重要膜。最后，我们强调植物是多细胞生物中复杂膜相互作用的强大模型系统。植物膜由独特的鞘糖脂组织，支持碳水化合物相互作用在组织侧域中的重要性。这些例子表明膜组织是生物学中潜在的普遍现象，并支持将脂质物理化学研究继续扩大到范围广泛的系统中。