Numerous strategies on the application of superwettable membranes for oil/water (O/W) separation have been proposed; however, few works on one-step separation strategies and the separation mechanism of complex O/W effluents containing organic dye and bacteria have been reported. Here, an integrated strategy for O/W separation, removal, and anti-oil/bacteria/dye-fouling is firstly proposed. A hydrogel fabricated PVDF@ZnO/Ag (H-PVDF@ZnO/Ag) membrane is designed with a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic surface and hierarchical membrane channels, which exhibits superior separation efficiency (99.4%) and flux (1700 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹). Considering the wettability, the interface intrusion pressure influences the O/W separation. Also considering the energy and molecular kinetics, the differences in the interaction energy and mean square displacement (MSD) of the water and oil molecules with the membrane obtained by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are the internal factors influencing the O/W separation. The experimental and MD simulation results demonstrate that the high organic dye removal efficiency (>99%) is attributed to the synergistic effect between the hydrogel electrostatic adsorption and the ZnO/Ag photodegradation. The excellent anti-oil/dye/bacteria-fouling is due to the low oil adhesion, hydration layer, photodegradation, and antibacterial activity. Introducing an amino resin to the membrane increases the membrane’s tolerance and resistance to mechanical damage and chemical attack due to the intertwined cross-linking network and hydrogen bonds. The membrane also exhibits effective separation of real wastewater from jeans factory. This strategy may inspire further research on the treatment of complex O/W effluents.

已经提出了许多将超湿膜用于油/水（O / W）分离的策略。然而，关于一步法分离策略的工作很少，并且已经报道了含有有机染料和细菌的复杂O / W废水的分离机理。在此，首先提出一种用于O / W分离，去除和防油/细菌/染料污染的综合策略。设计了水凝胶制备的PVDF @ ZnO / Ag（H-PVDF @ ZnO / Ag）膜，具有超亲水/水下超疏油性表面和分层膜通道，具有优异的分离效率（99.4％）和通量（1700 L m ^-2 h ^-1巴^-1）。考虑到润湿性，界面侵入压力影响O / W分离。还考虑了能量和分子动力学，通过分子动力学（MD）模拟获得的水和油分子与膜的相互作用能以及均方位移（MSD）的差异是影响O / W分离的内部因素。实验和MD模拟结果表明，高有机染料去除效率（> 99％）归因于水凝胶静电吸附与ZnO / Ag光降解之间的协同作用。优异的抗油/染料/细菌污染是由于低的油粘附力，水合层，光降解和抗菌活性。由于相互交联的交联网络和氢键，向膜中引入氨基树脂可提高膜的耐受性，抗机械损伤和化学侵蚀的能力。该膜还显示出牛仔裤工厂中有效废水的有效分离。这种策略可能会激发对复杂O / W废水处理的进一步研究。