Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus worldwide. More than 99% of cervical cancer cases are associated with certain types of HPVs, termed high-risk types. In addition to the well-known transformative properties, HPVs-infected cells actively instruct the local milieu and create a supportive post-infection microenvironment (PIM), which is becoming recognized as a key factor for the viral persistence, propagation, and malignant progression. The PIM is initiated and established via a complex interplay among virus-infected cells, immune cells, and host stroma, as well as their derived components including chemokines, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and metabolites. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of these key components, characteristics, and effects of the PIM, and highlights the prospect of targeting the PIM as a potential strategy to improve therapeutic outcomes for cervical cancer.

人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是全世界最常见的性传播病毒。超过99％的宫颈癌病例与某些类型的HPV相关，称为高风险类型。除了众所周知的转化特性外，感染HPV的细胞还可以主动指导局部环境并产生支持性的感染后微环境（PIM），这已被公认为是病毒持久性，繁殖和恶性进展的关键因素。通过感染病毒的细胞，免疫细胞和宿主基质及其衍生成分（包括趋化因子，细胞因子，细胞外囊泡和代谢物）之间的复杂相互作用来启动和建立PIM。在这篇评论中，我们总结了对PIM的这些关键组件，特征和效果的当前理解，