Introduction Our understanding of risk factors for COVID‑19, including pre-existing medical conditions and genetic variations, is limited. To what extent the pre-existing clinical condition and genetic background have implications for COVID-19 still need to be explored. Methods Our study included 389,620 participants of European descent from the UK Biobank, of whom 3,884 received the COVID-19 test and 1,091 were tested positive for COVID-19. We examined the association of COVID-19 with an extensive list of 974 medical conditions and 30 blood biomarkers. Additionally, we also tested the association of genetic variants in two key genes related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), with COVID-19 or any other phenotypes. Results The most significant risk factors for COVID-19 include Alzheimer’s disease (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.25-4.16), dementia (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.36-3.42), and the overall category of delirium, dementia, amnestic and other cognitive disorders (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.24-2.90). Evidence suggesting an association of genetic variants in SARS-CoV-2 infection-related genes with COVID-19 (rs7282236, OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14-1.54, p = 2.31×10-4) and other phenotypes, such as an immune deficiency (p = 5.65×10-5) and prostate cancer (p = 1.1×10-5), was obtained. Conclusions Our unbiased and extensive search identified pre-existing Alzheimer’s disease and dementia as top risk factors for hospital admission due to COVID-19, highlighting the importance of providing special protective care for patients with cognitive disorders during this pandemic. We also obtained evidence suggesting a direct association of genetic variants with COVID-19.

中文翻译：

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与 COVID-19 住院相关的认知障碍：观察性队列研究的结果


简介 我们对 COVID-19 风险因素（包括既往病史和遗传变异）的了解有限。先前存在的临床状况和遗传背景对 COVID-19 有多大影响仍需探索。方法 我们的研究纳入了来自英国生物银行的 389,620 名欧洲血统参与者，其中 3,884 人接受了 COVID-19 检测，1,091 人检测结果呈阳性。我们检查了 COVID-19 与 974 种医疗状况和 30 种血液生物标志物的广泛列表之间的关联。此外，我们还测试了与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染相关的两个关键基因——血管紧张素转换酶 2 (ACE2) 和跨膜蛋白酶丝氨酸 2 (TMPRSS2) 的遗传变异与新冠病毒之间的关联。 -19或任何其他表型。结果 COVID-19 最重要的危险因素包括阿尔茨海默病（OR = 2.29，95% CI：1.25-4.16）、痴呆（OR = 2.16，95% CI：1.36-3.42）以及谵妄、痴呆的总体类别、遗忘症和其他认知障碍（OR = 1.90，95% CI：1.24-2.90）。有证据表明 SARS-CoV-2 感染相关基因的遗传变异与 COVID-19 相关（rs7282236，OR = 1.33，95% CI：1.14-1.54，p = 2.31×10-4）和其他表型，例如获得了免疫缺陷（p = 5.65×10-5）和前列腺癌（p = 1.1×10-5）。结论 我们公正且广泛的搜索发现，已有的阿尔茨海默病和痴呆症是因 COVID-19 入院的首要风险因素，这凸显了在这次大流行期间为患有认知障碍的患者提供特殊保护护理的重要性。我们还获得了证据表明基因变异与 COVID-19 存在直接关联。