Amoxicillin (AMX) is among the most successful antibiotics used for human therapy. It is used extensively to prevent or treat bacterial infections in humans and animals. However, the widespread distribution and excess utilization of AMX can be an environmental and health risk due to the hazardous potential associated to its pharmaceutical industries effluents. Besides, their extensive use in food animal production may result in some undesirable residues in food, e.g. meat, eggs and milk. Consequently, at high enough concentrations in biological fluids, AMX may be responsible of various diseases such as nausea, vomiting, rashes, and antibiotic-associated colitis. For this reason, the detection and quantification of amoxicillin in pharmaceuticals, biological fluids, environmental samples and foodstuffs require new electroanalytical techniques with sensitive and rapid measurement abilities. This review discusses recent advances in the development of electrochemical sensors and bio-sensors for AMX analysis in complex matrices such as pharmaceuticals, biological fluids, environmental water and foodstuffs. The main electrochemical sensors used are based on chemically modified electrodes involving carbon materials and nanomaterials, nanoparticles, polymers and biological recognition molecules.

阿莫西林（AMX）是用于人类治疗的最成功的抗生素之一。它被广泛用于预防或治疗人类和动物的细菌感染。但是，由于与AMX制药工业废水相关的潜在危险，AMX的广泛分布和过度使用可能会带来环境和健康风险。此外，它们在食用动物生产中的广泛使用可能会在食品中产生一些不良残留物，例如肉，蛋和牛奶。因此，在足够高浓度的生物液体中，AMX可能引起各种疾病，例如恶心，呕吐，皮疹和抗生素相关性结肠炎。因此，在药物，生物液体，环境样品和食品需要具有灵敏和快速测量能力的新电分析技术。这篇综述讨论了用于复杂基质（例如药物，生物流体，环境水和食品）中用于AMX分析的电化学传感器和生物传感器的最新进展。所使用的主要电化学传感器基于化学修饰的电极，包括碳材料和纳米材料，纳米颗粒，聚合物和生物识别分子。