The main synapomorphy for Aculeata is the sting apparatus, which allows the female to envenom potential prey or hosts. The sting is the modified ovipositor which is not used for laying eggs anymore. Here, we explore the morphology of the sting apparatus within the families of Chrysidoidea. 27 skeletal structures were recognized, including three (dp1vf, dorsal projection of first valvifer; ppa, projection of posterior area of the second valvifer; vl9, ventral lap of tergite 9) that have not been observed previously, and 13 pairs of muscles, including four (superior dorsal T9-2vf (M5); inferior dorsal T9-2vf (M6); postero-lateral T9-2vf/mbr (M9); anterolateral 2vf/bl-2vv/fu (M11)) that have not been observed previously. Very conserved morphological patterns were observed; character support in the sting apparatus was found at the subfamily level, and within three families at the genus level. In addition, we describe the variation within the sting apparatus structures and musculature, propose evolutionary hypotheses about the function and evolution of the structures, and summarize phylogenetic conclusions for Chrysidoidea.

Aculeata 的主要突触是刺装置，它允许雌性毒杀潜在的猎物或宿主。刺是改良的产卵器，不再用于产卵。在这里，我们探索了 Chrysidoidea 科内刺器的形态。识别出 27 个骨骼结构，包括之前未观察到的三个（dp1vf，第一个瓣膜的背侧投影；ppa，第二个瓣膜的后部区域的投影；vl9，tergite 9 的腹侧搭接），以及 13 对肌肉，包括四个（上背侧 T9-2vf (M5)；下背侧 T9-2vf (M6)；后外侧 T9-2vf/mbr (M9)；前外侧 2vf/bl-2vv/fu (M11)）以前未观察到. 观察到非常保守的形态学模式；在亚科级别发现了刺痛装置中的字符支持，并且在属水平的三个家庭内。此外，我们描述了螫刺器结构和肌肉组织内的变异，提出了关于结构功能和进化的进化假说，并总结了 Chrysidoidea 的系统发育结论。