Bird nests often consist of stronger materials to maintain nest structure and a softer layer of lining materials to reduce heat loss. We studied whether early learning affected the use of nest materials by cross-fostering between two tit species with similar breeding ecology, the blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus, and the great tit, Parus major, in a woodland area provided with nestboxes in Norway. In both species, only the female builds the nest. From previous studies, we know that early social learning affects a number of traits in these birds, including song repertoire, mate choice, foraging behaviour and nest site choice. Nests of the two species are similar but blue tits use more feathers than great tits. This was confirmed in the present study; however, female blue tits raised by great tit foster parents also supplied their nest with feathers, and female great tits raised by blue tits used few feathers. The only treatment effect was that fewer feathers were found in nests of cross-fostered females in both species than in nests of controls. This may have been caused by time and energetic constraints during nest building because cross-fostered birds seemed to forage less efficiently than controls. The amount of hair was slightly greater in blue tits than in great tits, but it was not affected by the cross-fostering either. We conclude that no cultural transmission was found in the use of lining materials in the nest of the two species, perhaps because young birds hatch after their parents have stopped constructing the nest.

中文翻译：

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在山雀科中没有使用巢材料的文化传播

燕窝通常由更坚固的材料组成，以保持鸟巢结构，并由较软的衬里材料层组成，以减少热量损失。我们研究了早期学习是否通过在挪威提供巢箱的林地区域中交叉培育两种具有相似繁殖生态的山雀物种蓝山雀 Cyanistes caeruleus 和大山雀 Parus major 来影响巢材料的使用。在这两个物种中，只有雌性筑巢。从之前的研究中，我们知道早期社会学习会影响这些鸟类的许多特征，包括歌曲曲目、配偶选择、觅食行为和巢址选择。这两个物种的巢穴相似，但蓝山雀比大山雀使用更多的羽毛。这在本研究中得到证实；然而，由大山雀养父母抚养的雌性蓝山雀也为它们的巢穴提供羽毛，由蓝山雀养大的雌性大山雀几乎没有羽毛。唯一的处理效果是在两个物种的交叉饲养的雌性的巢中发现的羽毛比在对照的巢中少。这可能是由于筑巢期间的时间和精力限制造成的，因为交叉饲养的鸟类似乎比对照鸟类觅食效率低。蓝山雀的毛发量比大山雀略多，但也不受交叉培养的影响。我们得出结论，在这两个物种的巢穴中使用衬里材料没有发现文化传播，这可能是因为幼鸟在父母停止筑巢后孵化。唯一的处理效果是在两个物种的交叉饲养的雌性的巢中发现的羽毛比在对照的巢中少。这可能是由于筑巢期间的时间和精力限制造成的，因为交叉饲养的鸟类似乎比对照鸟类觅食效率低。蓝山雀的毛发量比大山雀略多，但也不受交叉培养的影响。我们得出的结论是，在这两个物种的巢穴中使用衬里材料没有发现文化传播，这可能是因为幼鸟在父母停止筑巢后孵化。唯一的处理效果是在两个物种的交叉饲养的雌性的巢中发现的羽毛比在对照的巢中少。这可能是由于筑巢期间的时间和精力限制造成的，因为交叉饲养的鸟类似乎比对照鸟类觅食效率低。蓝山雀的毛发量比大山雀略多，但也不受交叉培养的影响。我们得出结论，在这两个物种的巢穴中使用衬里材料没有发现文化传播，这可能是因为幼鸟在父母停止筑巢后孵化。蓝山雀的毛发量比大山雀略多，但也不受交叉培养的影响。我们得出的结论是，在这两个物种的巢穴中使用衬里材料没有发现文化传播，这可能是因为幼鸟在父母停止筑巢后孵化。蓝山雀的毛发量比大山雀略多，但也不受交叉培养的影响。我们得出的结论是，在这两个物种的巢穴中使用衬里材料没有发现文化传播，这可能是因为幼鸟在父母停止筑巢后孵化。