Nowadays, metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been applied in various fields of nanotechnology including catalysis of chemical reactions, drug delivery, water treatment, textile industries, polymer composites, adhesives, and coatings. The greatest challenge in relation to metal oxide NPs is high tendency to aggregation. Chemical surface modification of metal oxide NPs has gained widely interest to control of dispersion and aggregation of NPs. Silane modifiers are one of the most important bifunctional modifiers that are frequently used for surface treatment of metal oxide NPs. In this review paper, we first focus on the synthesis, surface thermodynamic properties, surface modification techniques, and kinetic of silanization reaction of metal oxide NPs. Then, the recent development in using silane modifiers for treatment of metal oxide NPs in various applications were investigated. It was found that the unmodified NPs have high surface energy and are thermodynamically unstable. The thermodynamic properties of NPs including G_m^s, H_m^s, and S_m^sincrease with decreasing the particle size. Aggregation phenomena is the simple way to reduce the excess surface energy of NPs that leads to an increase in particle size. Therefore, the chemical surface modification of NPs using silane modifiers can be used as an effective method for the prevention of NPs agglomeration and improvement of NPs stability.

如今，金属氧化物纳米颗粒（NPs）已应用于纳米技术的各个领域，包括化学反应催化，药物输送，水处理，纺织工业，聚合物复合材料，粘合剂和涂料。关于金属氧化物NP的最大挑战是高聚集趋势。金属氧化物NP的化学表面改性已受到广泛关注，以控制NP的分散和聚集。硅烷改性剂是最重要的双功能改性剂之一，经常用于金属氧化物NP的表面处理。在这篇综述文章中，我们首先关注金属氧化物纳米粒子的合成，表面热力学性质，表面改性技术和硅烷化反应动力学。然后，研究了在各种应用中使用硅烷改性剂处理金属氧化物NP的最新进展。发现未修饰的NP具有高表面能并且是热力学不稳定的。NP的热力学性质包括G _m ^s，H _m ^s和S _m ^s随着粒径的减小而增加。聚集现象是减少NPs过量表面能（导致粒径增加）的简单方法。因此，使用硅烷改性剂对NPs进行化学表面改性可以用作防止NPs团聚和提高NPs稳定性的有效方法。