In this article, we expand the analytical and theoretical foundations of the study of knowledge commons in the context of more classical agrarian commons, such as seed commons. We show that it is possible to overcome a number of criticisms of earlier work by Ostrom (Governing the commons. The evolution of institutions for collective action, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990) on natural commons and its excludability/rivalry matrix in addressing the inclusive social practices of “commoning”, defined as a way of living and acting for the preservation of the commons. Our empirical analysis emphasizes, using the most recent advances in the IAD/SES framework, the distributed and collaborative knowledge governance in a French peasant seed network as a key driver for reintroducing cultivated agrobiodiversity and on-farm seed conservation of ancient and landrace varieties. These inclusive peasant seed groups developed alternative peer-to-peer models of collaborative peasant-led community-based breeding and grassroots innovations in the search for more resilient population varieties. Our results highlight the various models of collective action within the network and discuss the organizational tradeoffs of opting out of peasant seed activities and recreating a shared collective knowledge base on the benefits of restoring cultivated agrobiodiversity. It helps us better understand how modern peasant seed groups function as epistemic communities which contributes to envisioning alternative agricultural systems.

中文翻译：

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共享种子：法国农民种子组织内部集体行动和开放创新的替代模式，以重建地方知识共享

在本文中，我们将在更经典的土地公地（例如种子公地）的背景下扩展知识公地研究的分析和理论基础。我们表明，有可能克服奥斯特罗姆（Governing the commons。集体行动机构的演变，剑桥大学出版社，剑桥，1990 年）关于自然公地及其排他性/竞争矩阵的早期工作的一些批评。 “共享”的包容性社会实践，定义为一种为保护公地而采取的生活方式和行动。我们的实证分析强调，利用 IAD/SES 框架的最新进展，法国农民种子网络中的分布式和协作知识治理是重新引入栽培农业生物多样性和古代和地方品种的农场种子保护的关键驱动因素。这些包容性农民种子团体开发了替代的点对点模式，以农民为主导的基于社区的协作育种和草根创新，以寻找更具弹性的种群品种。我们的结果突出了网络内集体行动的各种模式，并讨论了选择退出农民种子活动和重建共享集体知识库的组织权衡，以恢复耕种的农业生物多样性的好处。