Abstract

The potential risk of natural focal infections for tourists and park visitors has been analyzed and assessed based on the example of Karkaraly National Park (NP), which is located in central Kazakhstan. The medical and geographical characteristics of the area were carried out with three approaches: (1) assessment of natural preconditions for the emergence and existence of natural foci of infections, (2) mapping of the existing natural and anthropurgic foci of infections on a landscape basis, and (3) analysis of population morbidity according to medical statistics data. On the whole, the medical and geographical situation in Karkaraly NP is assessed as most favorable among other NPs in Kazakhstan: it has the lowest number of nosoforms, a small number of natural foci, and a low morbidity rate. However, a certain risk of infection does exist, since the anthrax burial site and rabies foci, as well as tularemia foci in populations of aquatic and semiaquatic rodents, partial overlap with the popular tourist routes in the park. The natural foci of infections of current interest are confined to hummocky and low-mountain, forest landscapes; however, they have both natural and anthropogenic preconditions.

中文翻译：

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国家公园地区旅游和保护活动的医学和地理评估

摘要

已基于位于哈萨克斯坦中部的Karkaraly国家公园（NP）的示例，分析和评估了游客和公园游客遭受自然疫源性感染的潜在风险。该地区的医学和地理特征是通过三种方法进行的：（1）评估感染自然疫源的出现和存在的自然前提，（2）在景观基础上绘制现有的自然感染和人类感染病灶（3）根据医学统计数据分析人群发病率。总体而言，Karkaraly NP的医疗和地理状况被认为是哈萨克斯坦其他NP中最有利的：其鼻息肉的数量最少，自然病灶数量少且发病率低。但是，确实存在一定的感染风险，由于水生和半水生啮齿动物种群中的炭疽埋葬地点和狂犬病疫情以及妥拉血病疫情，与公园中​​的热门旅游路线部分重叠。当前关注的自然感染焦点仅限于山丘和低山林地。但是，它们具有自然和人为前提。