The current state of production of rare-earth metals (REMs) in Russia and in the world is analyzed. Data on REM production in different countries of the world and on new foreign REM production and processing projects are given. The balance of production, export, and import of raw materials and products with REMs in Russia, including scandium and yttrium, is presented. The maximum volume of REM consumption in Russia is calculated considering imported products with REMs. These data are compared with other countries, including the former Soviet Union. Much attention is paid to REM use in metallurgy. Data on REM influence on cast iron and steel properties are given. Data on the used forms of REMs are given for their use in Russian ferrous metallurgy. The structure of REM consumption by branches of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy is investigated. The structure of REM consumption for steel alloying by types and areas of its application is studied by the example of two enterprises (one of them specializes in mass production and the other, in special steels). The peculiarities of REM consumption development in Russia’s ferrous metallurgy are investigated, the consumption volume is calculated, data on the import of raw materials with REMs for metallurgy is presented, and information on the producers of REM ferroalloys in Russia is given. The line of ferrous metallurgy products with REMs is analyzed. REM consumption in metallurgy of Russia and foreign countries is compared. The reasons for insufficient REM consumption in Russian metallurgy are considered, the change in production volumes of certain types of steel and cast iron is estimated, and recommendations on growth of REM consumption in metallurgy are developed.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯及世界稀土金属在黑色冶金中的应用分析

分析了俄罗斯和世界稀土金属 (REM) 的生产现状。给出了世界不同国家的REM生产和国外新的REM生产加工项目的数据。介绍了俄罗斯含有 REM 的原材料和产品（包括钪和钇）的生产、出口和进口平衡。俄罗斯 REM 的最大消费量是考虑到具有 REM 的进口产品而计算的。这些数据与包括前苏联在内的其他国家进行了比较。REM 在冶金中的应用备受关注。给出了 REM 对铸铁和钢性能影响的数据。提供了有关 REM 使用形式的数据，用于它们在俄罗斯黑色冶金中的使用。研究了黑色和有色冶金部门的 REM 消费结构。以两个企业（一个是大批量生产，另一个是特种钢）为例，研究了不同类型和应用领域的钢合金化 REM 消耗结构。研究了俄罗斯黑色冶金REM消费发展特点，计算了消费量，提供了冶金用REM原材料进口数据，并给出了俄罗斯REM铁合金生产企业信息。分析了含 REM 的黑色冶金产品系列。俄罗斯与国外冶金REM消耗量对比。考虑俄罗斯冶金REM消耗不足的原因，估计某些类型钢和铸铁的产量变化，