Abstract

The state of the art of materials science in the field of synthesis of promising functional thermoelastoplasts based on polyurethanes and poly(urethane ureas) is analyzed. Interest in these materials has remained high during the past two decades owing to the ease of production, biocompatibility, good thermal and mechanical characteristics, and the possibility to adjust properties to a specific application. The main focus is on describing semicrystalline polyurethanes, in which crystalline domains play the role of a temporary physical network, which provides an opportunity to design adaptive materials with the shape memory effect. The described materials are divided according to the types of external stimuli which are switches of mechanical properties. The effect of the nature and composition of thermoresponsive polyurethanes on the mechanical properties and main characteristics of the shape memory effect is considered. Recent achievements in the synthesis, modification, and characterization of polyurethane materials are discussed, and the most interesting examples of their application in medicine are presented.

中文翻译：

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热塑性半结晶形状记忆聚氨酯的合成与应用的最新进展

摘要

分析了基于聚氨酯和聚（氨酯脲）的有希望的功能性热弹性体合成材料领域的材料科学现状。在过去的二十年中，由于易于生产，生物相容性，良好的热和机械特性以及针对特定应用调整性能的可能性，人们对这些材料的兴趣一直很高。主要重点是描述半结晶聚氨酯，其中结晶域起着临时物理网络的作用，这为设计具有形状记忆效应的自适应材料提供了机会。所描述的材料根据外部刺激的类型进行划分，外部刺激是机械性能的开关。考虑了热响应性聚氨酯的性质和组成对形状记忆效应的机械性能和主要特征的影响。讨论了聚氨酯材料合成，改性和表征方面的最新进展，并介绍了其在医学中最有趣的应用实例。