Urbanization is a major threat to native biodiversity. Invasion of tramp species is a major consequence of urbanization, which might threaten native species. Ants are established robust ecosystem indicators. We assessed the changes of ant community in sacred groves (SGs) of urban and rural landscapes of south India between 2013 and 2019, and asked, 1) what is the effect of urbanization on ant community? 2) has the population of invasive ants, particularly Anoplolepis gracilipes – a globally notorious tramp species, changed in response to urbanization and year? 3) is species composition of ants in SGs different between landscapes and years? and 4) has the population of native ants or any ant functional groups responded with the population of invasive ants? The richness of overall species, native species, and invasive species was not affected by year or landscape, but the abundance was. In six years, the abundance of ants doubled, but due to A. gracilipes. A. gracilipes, previously restricted only in the urban SGs had established in rural SGs in six years. A significant turnover of native species was observed across years and with the population rise of A. gracilipes. While Generalist Myrmecines and Tropical Climate Specialists increased with the abundance of invasive ants, Cryptic Species decreased. We consider the stability maintained in the native species composition and richness in SGs, the aftermath of the conditions provided by SGs. However, the evident shift in the composition of native ants over the years point out how invasive ants affect the native species composition.

城市化是对本地生物多样性的主要威胁。流浪汉物种的入侵是城市化的主要后果，可能威胁到本地物种。蚂蚁是建立健全的生态系统指标。我们评估了2013年至2019年印度南部城市和乡村景观中的神圣小树林（SGs）中的蚂蚁群落的变化，并询问：1）城市化对蚂蚁群落的影响是什么？2）拥有入侵性蚂蚁种群，尤其是无尾无芒蚁（Anoplolepis gracilipes）–因城市化​​和年份的变化而改变的全球臭名昭著的流浪种类？3）不同地貌和年份之间SG中蚂蚁的物种组成是否不同？和4）原生蚂蚁或任何蚂蚁功能群的数量是否与入侵性蚂蚁的数量相对应？总体物种，本地物种和入侵物种的丰富度不受年份或景观的影响，但丰度却受到影响。六年之内，蚂蚁的数量翻了一番，但这是由于灰线蚁。A. gracilipes（以前仅在城市SG中受到限制）已在六年内在农村SG中建立。多年来观察到本地物种的大量周转，并且随着南美白带菌种群的增加。随着入侵蚂蚁的丰富，通才鱼藤和热带气候专家有所增加，而隐性物种却有所减少。我们考虑了SGs提供的条件之后，本地物种组成的稳定性和SGs的丰富性。然而，多年来天然蚂蚁组成的明显变化指出了入侵性蚂蚁如何影响天然物种的组成。