This is the first of three papers describing an `absolute' calibration of the GONG magnetograph using an end-to-end simulation of its measurement process. The input to this simulation is a MURaM 3D MHD photospheric simulation and the output is the corresponding set of simulated data numbers which would be recorded by the GONG detectors. These simulated data numbers are then used to produce `synthetic magnetograms' which can be compared with the simulation inputs. This paper describes the GONG instrument, the MURaM datacube, our instrument simulator, and calculation of synthetic magnetograms, setting the stage for the subsequent two papers. These will first lay groundwork for calibration (and magnetogram comparison in general), then apply them to calibration of GONG using the simulation results.

中文翻译：

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使用端到端仪器模拟校准 GONG 磁图 I：背景、GONG 仪器和端到端模拟

这是三篇论文中的第一篇，描述了使用测量过程的端到端模拟对 GONG 磁力仪进行“绝对”校准。该模拟的输入是 MURaM 3D MHD 光球模拟，输出是相应的一组模拟数据，这些数据将由 GONG 探测器记录。然后使用这些模拟数据编号来生成可以与模拟输入进行比较的“合成磁图”。本文介绍了 GONG 仪器、MURaM 数据立方体、我们的仪器模拟器和合成磁图的计算，为后续两篇论文奠定了基础。这些将首先为校准（以及一般的磁图比较）奠定基础，然后使用模拟结果将它们应用于 GONG 的校准。