The review describes the structures of plant carbonic anhydrases (CAs), enzymes catalyzing the interconversion of inorganic carbon forms and belonging to different families, as well as the interaction of inhibitors and activators of CA activity with the active sites of CAs in representatives of these families. We outline the data that shed light on the location of CAs in green cells of C3 plants, algae and angiosperms, with the emphasis on the recently obtained data. The proven and proposed functions of CAs in these organisms are listed. The possibility of the involvement of several chloroplast CAs in acceleration of the conversion of bicarbonate to CO2 and in supply of CO2 for fixation by Rubisco is particularly considered. Special attention is paid to CAs in various parts of thylakoids and to discussion about current knowledge of their possible physiological roles. The review states that, despite the significant progress in application of the mutants with suppressed CAs synthesis, the approach based on the use of the inhibitors of CA activity in some cases remains quite effective. Combination of these two approaches, namely determining the effect of CA activity inhibitors in plants with certain knocked-out CA genes, turns out to be very useful for understanding the functions of other CAs.

中文翻译：

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了解碳酸酐酶在 C3 植物细胞中的生理作用和位置的进展

该综述描述了植物碳酸酐酶 (CA) 的结构、催化无机碳形式相互转化并属于不同家族的酶，以及 CA 活性的抑制剂和激活剂与这些家族代表中 CA 活性位点的相互作用. 我们概述了阐明 C3 植物、藻类和被子植物绿色细胞中 CA 位置的数据，重点是最近获得的数据。列出了 CA 在这些生物体中已证实和提议的功能。特别考虑了几种叶绿体 CA 参与加速碳酸氢盐转化为 CO2 和供应 CO2 以供 Rubisco 固定的可能性。特别关注类囊体各个部分的 CA，并讨论了关于它们可能的生理作用的当前知识。该评论指出，尽管在应用具有抑制 CA 合成的突变体方面取得了重大进展，但基于使用 CA 活性抑制剂的方法在某些情况下仍然非常有效。这两种方法的结合，即确定 CA 活性抑制剂在具有某些敲除 CA 基因的植物中的作用，对于理解其他 CA 的功能非常有用。