Acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol use disorders are characterized by a wide range of psychological and cerebral impairments, which have been widely explored using neuropsychological and neuroscientific techniques. Eye tracking has recently emerged as an innovative tool to renew this exploration, as eye movements offer complementary information on the processes underlying perceptive, attentional, memory or executive abilities. Building on this, the present systematic and critical literature review provides a comprehensive overview of eye tracking studies exploring cognitive and affective processes among alcohol drinkers. Using PRISMA guidelines, 36 papers that measured eye movements among alcohol drinkers were extracted from three databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus). They were assessed for methodological quality using a standardized procedure, and categorized based on the main cognitive function measured, namely perceptive abilities, attentional bias, executive function, emotion and prevention/intervention. Eye tracking indexes showed that alcohol-related disorders are related to: (1) a stable pattern of basic eye movement impairments, particularly during alcohol intoxication; (2) a robust attentional bias, indexed by increased dwell times for alcohol-related stimuli; (3) a reduced inhibitory control on saccadic movements; (4) an increased pupillary reactivity to visual stimuli, regardless of their emotional content; (5) a limited visual attention to prevention messages. Perspectives for future research are proposed, notably encouraging the exploration of eye movements in severe alcohol use disorders and the establishment of methodological gold standards for eye tracking measures in this field.

急性酒精中毒和酒精使用障碍的特点是广泛的心理和大脑损伤，这些损伤已经使用神经心理学和神经科学技术进行了广泛的探索。眼动追踪最近成为更新这一探索的创新工具，因为眼动提供了关于感知、注意力、记忆或执行能力潜在过程的补充信息。在此基础上，本系统和批判性文献综述提供了对探索饮酒者认知和情感过程的眼动追踪研究的全面概述。使用 PRISMA 指南，从三个数据库（PsycINFO、PubMed、Scopus）中提取了 36 篇测量饮酒者眼球运动的论文。他们使用标准化程序评估方法学质量，并根据测量的主要认知功能进行分类，即感知能力、注意偏差、执行功能、情绪和预防/干预。眼动追踪指标显示，酒精相关疾病与以下因素有关：（1）基本眼动障碍的稳定模式，特别是在酒精中毒期间；(2) 强烈的注意力偏差，以酒精相关刺激的停留时间增加为指标；(3) 减少对扫视运动的抑制控制；(4) 瞳孔对视觉刺激的反应增加，无论其情绪内容如何；(5) 对预防信息的视觉关注有限。提出了未来研究的展望，