The use of photothermal materials to enhance evaporative water disposal can be limited by material durability, scale formation, and interactions between the photothermal materials and variable water chemistries. Granular activated carbon (GAC) was chosen as a photothermal material based on previous research. Using a custom-built, bench-scale evaporation platform that mimics the solar spectrum and intensity, evaporation trials were performed to determine the effect of water quality, GAC grain size, and float adhesives on water evaporation rates. Adhesives to attach the GAC to HDPE floats were tested for bond strength and durability, and the adhesive’s effects on GAC’s evaporative properties were measured by contact angle, water retention, and surface area analyses. While large differences in durability were observed with the different adhesives, no significant differences were discovered between grain sizes, adhesives, or water quality in the evaporation tests (p > 0.05). Scale formation from three test waters was observed and characterized by SEM and EDS; however, scale did not lead to any significant changes in evaporative performance of the floats. Thus, consistent evaporation rates measured in the bench scale evaporation chamber regardless of GAC grain size, adhesive type, and water quality, indicate the potential versatility of GAC in photothermal water disposal.

中文翻译：

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正确选择粘合剂可提高矿井水处理应用中的光热漂浮耐久性

使用光热材料来增强蒸发水处理可能会受到材料耐用性、水垢形成以及光热材料与可变水化学物质之间的相互作用的限制。基于先前的研究，选择颗粒活性炭（GAC）作为光热材料。使用模拟太阳光谱和强度的定制的、实验室规模的蒸发平台，进行蒸发试验以确定水质、GAC 粒度和漂浮粘合剂对水蒸发率的影响。测试将 GAC 连接到 HDPE 浮子上的粘合剂的粘合强度和耐久性，并通过接触角、保水性和表面积分析测量粘合剂对 GAC 蒸发性能的影响。虽然观察到不同粘合剂的耐久性差异很大，在蒸发测试中，没有发现颗粒大小、粘合剂或水质之间存在显着差异（p > 0.05）。通过SEM和EDS观察和表征来自三个试验水的水垢形成；然而，水垢并未导致浮子的蒸发性能发生任何显着变化。因此，无论 GAC 颗粒大小、粘合剂类型和水质如何，在实验室规模蒸发室中测量的一致蒸发率表明 GAC 在光热水处理中的潜在多功能性。