Strigolactone (GR24) is a phytohormone, involved in reconfiguration of plant development pattern in response to salinity stress. Current experiment was carried out in vitro conditions to study the role of GR24 on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. OLIVER-P) under saline and non-saline growth mediums. Two salinity levels [0 mM (control) and 150 mM NaCl] were maintained in growth mediums for callus induction along with four GR24 levels (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 mg L−1) in Somatic Cell Genetic Lab, Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Results of this study showed that among GR24 levels, 0.01 mg L−1 proved to be ideal dose as it improved callus fresh weight (30.59%), dry weight (45.26%), free protein (55.87%), Ca2+ (13.04%) and K+ (11.76%) contents under non-saline, while superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), free proline and glycine betaine (GB) contents by 38.1%, 67.87%, 124.01%, 63.38% and 76.12%, respectively, under salinity stress mediums. However, water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψs), turgor potential (Ψp), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reduced up to 32.65%, 39.80%, 40.74%, 65.78% and 30.76%, respectively, due to different levels of GR24. Overall, high saline conditions caused a significant reduction in concentration of callus biomass, Ψw, Ψs, soluble protein, Ca2+ and K+ ions than non-saline mediums. These results reflected that GR24 application could be an effective approach to mitigate hazardous impacts of salinity in sunflower production. Further, the molecular techniques of processes in which GR24 may play a key role in different commercially vital crops is extreme important and may carry new leads for future experimentation in this exciting area of plant hormones.

中文翻译：

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独脚金内酯 (GR24) 通过改善体外条件下的形态生理和生化特性诱导向日葵 (Helianthus annuus L.) 的耐盐性

独脚金内酯 (GR24) 是一种植物激素，参与响应盐分胁迫的植物发育模式的重构。当前实验是在体外条件下进行的，以研究 GR24 在盐水和非盐水生长培养基下对向日葵 (Helianthus annuus L. cv. OLIVER-P) 的作用。两种盐度水平 [0 mM（对照）和 150 mM NaCl] 维持在生长培养基中以诱导愈伤组织以及四种 GR24 水平（0、0.001、0.01、0.1 mg L-1），在农业生物化学中心的体细胞遗传实验室和生物技术 (CABB)，农业大学费萨拉巴德，巴基斯坦。这项研究的结果表明，在 GR24 水平中，0.01 mg L-1 被证明是理想的剂量，因为它改善了愈伤组织鲜重 (30.59%)、干重 (45.26%)、游离蛋白质 (55.87%)、Ca2+ (13.04%)和非盐水条件下 K+ (11.76%) 的含量，而超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、过氧化物酶 (POD)、游离脯氨酸和甘氨酸甜菜碱 (GB) 含量在盐度胁迫介质下分别增加了 38.1%、67.87%、124.01%、63.38% 和 76.12%。然而，水势（Ψw）、渗透势（Ψs）、膨压势（Ψp）、过氧化氢（H2O2）和丙二醛（MDA）分别降低了32.65%、39.80%、40.74%、65.78%和30.76% , 由于不同级别的 GR24。总体而言，高盐条件导致愈伤组织生物量、Ψw、Ψs、可溶性蛋白质、Ca2+ 和 K+ 离子的浓度比非盐介质显着降低。这些结果反映了 GR24 的应用可能是减轻向日葵生产中盐分的危险影响的有效方法。更多，