Abstract Global warming in the recent decades has been accompanied by a rapid decline of the Arctic sea ice area (SIA) in summer (11% per decade). To understand the reasons for such changes, it is necessary to evaluate the range of long-term variability of the Arctic sea ice in the period before a significant increase of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Current empirical data on the spatiotemporal dynamics of Arctic sea ice until the 1950s have significant gaps. In this study, monthly average gridded sea-ice concentration (SIC) fields in the first half of the 20th century are reconstructed using the relationship between the spatiotemporal patterns of SIC variability and surface air temperature over the Northern Hemisphere. The reconstructed data show a significant negative anomaly of the Arctic SIA (about 1.5 million km 2 in September and 0.7 million km 2 in March) in the mid-20th century, which is considerably larger than the corresponding anomaly in other gridded SIC datasets.

中文翻译：

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20世纪上半叶北极海冰：基于温度的时空重建

摘要 近几十年来，全球变暖伴随着夏季北极海冰面积（SIA）的迅速减少（每十年减少 11%）。为了理解这种变化的原因，有必要评估在人为排放到大气中的温室气体显着增加之前的时期北极海冰的长期变化范围。目前关于 1950 年代之前北极海冰时空动态的经验数据存在显着差距。在这项研究中，利用北半球 SIC 变率的时空模式与地表气温之间的关系重建了 20 世纪上半叶的月平均网格海冰浓度 (SIC) 场。重建的数据显示北极 SIA 存在显着的负异常（约 1.