Increased activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants provide a common reaction to environmental stress in most crops. To investigate the effect of foliar application of stress moderators on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant changes, field experiments were conducted as split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 and 2018. Planting date (early and late) was considered as the main plot, and foliar applications with 50 and 100 mM of Glycine Betaine, 1 and 2 mM of salicylic acid, and 100 and 200 µM of sodium nitroprusside, along with the control treatment, were regarded as the subplot. The results showed that the amounts of chlorophyll pigments and the levels of enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase), and proline increased, and H₂O₂ level decreased with the foliar application of stress moderators. Glycine betaine and sodium nitroprusside had the lowest and highest effects on the enzymatic antioxidant activities, respectively. The analysis of the main components revealed that in the early and delay planting date, the characteristics of enzymatic antioxidants and photosynthetic properties had the greatest effects on the enhancement of tolerance to salinity stress. In general, the results of this research demonstrated that the elevated activities of enzymatic antioxidants compared to non-enzymatic ones were more effective in reducing the impacts of salinity stress. Moreover, the foliar application of sodium nitroprusside at a concentration of 100 µM served as the most suitable moderator for augmenting the activities of enzymatic antioxidants in salinity stress conditions.

酶促和非酶促抗氧化剂的活性增加，在大多数农作物中对环境胁迫产生了常见反应。为了研究叶面施加压力调节剂对酶促和非酶促抗氧化剂变化的影响，在2017年和2018年基于随机完整区组设计并重复三次重复的田间试验，进行了田间试验。播种日期（早晚）将其视为主要地块，将亚硝酸盐与50和100 mM的甘氨酸甜菜碱，1和2 mM的水杨酸，100和200μM的硝普钠的叶面施用以及对照处理一起视为子图。结果表明，叶绿素色素和酶促抗氧化剂（谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶，抗坏血酸过氧化物酶，超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化氢酶）和脯氨酸的含量增加，₂ O ₂叶面喷施压力调节剂后水平下降。甘氨酸甜菜碱和硝普钠对酶促抗氧化活性的影响分别最低和最高。对主要成分的分析表明，在早播和延后播种期，酶促抗氧化剂的特性和光合特性对提高盐分胁迫的耐受性影响最大。总的来说，这项研究的结果表明，与非酶抗氧化剂相比，酶抗氧化剂的活性提高对减轻盐分胁迫的影响更为有效。此外，叶面喷施浓度为100 µM的硝普钠是增加盐分胁迫条件下酶促抗氧化剂活性的最合适调节剂。