Bioaerosols are defined as airborne particles (0.05–100 μn in size) of biological origin. They are considered potentially harmful to human health as they can contain pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review summarizes the most recent research on the health risks of bioaerosols emitted from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in order to improve the control of such bioaerosols. The concentration and size distribution of WWTP bioaerosols; their major emission sources, composition, and health risks; and considerations for future research are discussed. The major themes and findings in the literature are as follows: the major emission sources of WWTP bioaerosols include screen rooms, sludge-dewatering rooms, and aeration tanks; the bioaerosol concentrations in screen and sludge-dewatering rooms are higher than those outdoors. WWTP bioaerosols contain a variety of potentially pathogenic bacteria, fungi, antibiotic resistance genes, viruses, endotoxins, and toxic metal(loid)s. These potentially pathogenic substances spread with the bioaerosols, thereby posing health risks to workers and residents in and around the WWTP. Inhalation has been identified as the main exposure route, and children are at a higher risk of this than adults. Future studies should identify emerging contaminants, establish health risk assessments, and develop prevention and control systems.

生物气溶胶定义为生物起源的空气传播颗粒（大小为0.05–100μn）。它们被认为可能对人体健康有害，因为它们可能含有病原体，例如细菌，真菌和病毒。这篇综述总结了有关废水处理厂（WWTP）排放的生物气溶胶对健康的危害的最新研究，以改善对此类生物气溶胶的控制。污水处理厂生物气溶胶的浓度和大小分布；它们的主要排放源，组成和健康风险；并讨论了未来研究的考虑因素。文献的主要主题和发现如下：污水处理厂生物气溶胶的主要排放源包括筛选室，污泥脱水室和曝气池。筛分室和污泥脱水室中的生物气溶胶浓度高于室外。污水处理厂的生物气溶胶含有多种潜在的致病细菌，真菌，抗生素抗性基因，病毒，内毒素和有毒金属。这些潜在的致病物质与生物气溶胶一起传播，从而对污水处理厂及其周围的工人和居民构成健康风险。吸入已被确定为主要暴露途径，儿童比成年人更容易发生这种情况。未来的研究应确定新出现的污染物，建立健康风险评估，并建立预防和控制系统。吸入已被确定为主要暴露途径，儿童比成年人更容易发生这种情况。未来的研究应确定新出现的污染物，建立健康风险评估，并建立预防和控制系统。吸入已被确定为主要暴露途径，儿童比成年人更容易发生这种情况。未来的研究应确定新出现的污染物，建立健康风险评估，并建立预防和控制系统。