The present study proposes a novel customer-to-virtual-product-to-customer (C2VP2C) mode of a loan default penalty model for Internet financial platforms (IFPs) in the Chinese market. The C2VP2C mode is developed based on the traditional peer-to-peer (P2P) business model and introduces IFP virtual products to risk control and loan matching. A loan default penalty model and a punishment mechanism of IFP borrowers in the C2VP2C mode have been developed. Firstly, the transaction mode and operational process of the C2VP2C mode of IFPs were established and three levels of loan matching space were constructed. The study established a penalty model for delinquent borrowers to assess their willingness to repay, and investigated the penalty intensity for defaults. The results show that a greater the penalty coefficient would result in more serious penalties, and with the delay of the repayment, the penalty coefficient showed less changes. The proposed method has important practical value and scientific significance for reducing the default rate of IFP borrowers and improving the loan repayment rate.