This paper presents a simple strategy to adjust bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofiber distribution on the biomimetic 3D scaffolds by in situ bacteria culture on the protein scaffolds which were prepared by selecting gelatin (Gel) with positive charge and silk fibroin (SF) with negative charge. The protein scaffolds with different structures and properties were obtained by adjusting the proportion of Gel and SF. Due to the electrical attraction and repulsion of bacteria and protein, the density and distribution of bacteria on the protein scaffolds is obviously different. Thus, after in situ culture, protein/BC scaffolds with different nanofibers density and distribution from basically adhering to the pore wall to distributing in the middle pore were obtained, which make different cell shape and distribution. It is can be easily realized by adjusting the properties of scaffold materials to guide the growth of bacteria which provides a simple idea for the design of tissue engineering scaffolds applied in medical implants, cell supports and other tissue regeneration.

本文提出了一种通过在蛋白支架上原位细菌培养来调节仿生3D支架上细菌纤维素（BC）纳米纤维分布的简单策略，该方法是通过选择带正电荷的明胶（Gel）和带负电荷的丝素蛋白（SF）制备的。通过调节Gel和SF的比例可以得到具有不同结构和性质的蛋白支架。由于细菌和蛋白质的电吸引和排斥作用，蛋白质支架上细菌的密度和分布明显不同。因此，在原位培养后，获得了具有不同的纳米纤维密度和分布的蛋白质/ BC支架，所述纳米纤维的密度和分布从基本粘附到孔壁到分布在中间孔中，从而形成不同的细胞形状和分布。