Sporotrichosis is an endemic mycosis caused by the species of the Sporothrix genus, and it is considered one of the most frequent subcutaneous mycoses in Mexico. This mycosis has become a relevant fungal infection in the last two decades. Today, much is known of its epidemiology and distribution, and its taxonomy has undergone revisions. New clinical species have been identified and classified through molecular tools, and they now include Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix globosa, and Sporothrix luriei. In this article, we present a systematic review of sporotrichosis in Mexico that analyzes its epidemiology, geographic distribution, and diagnosis. The results show that the most common clinical presentation of sporotrichosis in Mexico is the lymphocutaneous form, with a higher incidence in the 0-15 age range, mainly in males, and for which trauma with plants is the most frequent source of infection. In Mexico, the laboratory diagnosis of sporotrichosis is mainly carried out using conventional methods, but in recent years, several researchers have used molecular methods to identify the Sporothrix species. The treatment of choice depends mainly on the clinical form of the disease, the host's immunological status, and the species of Sporothrix involved. Despite the significance of this mycosis in Mexico, public information about sporotrichosis is scarce, and it is not considered reportable according to Mexico's epidemiological national system, the "Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica." Due to the lack of data in Mexico regarding the epidemiology of this disease, we present a systematic review of sporotrichosis in Mexico, between 1914 and 2019, that analyzes its epidemiology, geographic distribution, and diagnosis.

中文翻译：

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 墨西哥的孢子丝菌病


孢子丝菌病是一种由孢子丝菌属物种引起的地方性真菌病，被认为是墨西哥最常见的皮下真菌病之一。在过去的二十年里，这种真菌病已成为一种相关的真菌感染。如今，人们对其流行病学和分布已了解很多，并且其分类法也已进行了修订。通过分子工具鉴定和分类了新的临床物种，目前包括申克孢子丝菌、巴西孢子丝菌、球形孢子丝菌和卢里孢子丝菌。在本文中，我们对墨西哥的孢子丝菌病进行了系统回顾，分析了其流行病学、地理分布和诊断。结果表明，墨西哥孢子丝菌病最常见的临床表现是淋巴皮肤型，在0-15岁年龄段发病率较高，主要是男性，植物外伤是最常见的感染源。在墨西哥，孢子丝菌病的实验室诊断主要使用常规方法进行，但近年来，一些研究人员已经使用分子方法来鉴定孢子丝菌种类。治疗的选择主要取决于疾病的临床形式、宿主的免疫状态以及所涉及的孢子丝菌的种类。尽管这种真菌病在墨西哥很严重，但有关孢子丝菌病的公共信息却很少，而且根据墨西哥的国家流行病学系统“国家流行病学系统”，它不被认为是可报告的。由于墨西哥缺乏有关该疾病流行病学的数据，我们对 1914 年至 2019 年间墨西哥的孢子丝菌病进行了系统回顾，分析了其流行病学、地理分布和诊断。