Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) are the major pathogens responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), but the mechanism by which these viruses cause disease remains unclear. In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing technology to investigate changes in the transcriptome profiles after infection with EV-A71 and CV-A16 in human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. Using systematic bioinformatics analysis, we then searched for useful clues regarding the pathogenesis of HFMD. As a result, a total of 111 common differentially expressed genes were present in both EV-A71- and CV-A16-infected cells. A trend analysis of these 111 genes showed that 91 of them displayed the same trend in EV-A71 and CV-A16 infection, including 49 upregulated genes and 42 downregulated genes. These 91 genes were further used to conduct GO, pathway, and coexpression network analysis. It was discovered that enriched GO terms (such as histone acetylation and positive regulation of phosphorylation) and pathways (such as glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis and DNA replication) might be closely associated with the pathogenic mechanism of these two viruses, and key genes (such as TBCK and GPC) might be involved in the progression of HFMD. Finally, we randomly selected 10 differentially expressed genes for qRT-PCR to validate the transcriptome sequencing data. The experimental qRT-PCR results were roughly in agreement with the results of transcriptome sequencing. Collectively, our results provide clues to the mechanism of pathogenesis of HFMD induced by EV-A71 and CV-A16.

肠道病毒71（EV-A71）和柯萨奇病毒A16（CV-A16）是造成手足口病（HFMD）的主要病原体，但这些病毒引起疾病的机制仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们使用转录组测序技术研究了在人支气管上皮（16HBE）细胞中感染EV-A71和CV-A16后转录组谱的变化。然后使用系统的生物信息学分析，寻找有关手足口病发病机制的有用线索。结果，在EV-A71和CV-A16感染的细胞中共存在111个共同的差异表达基因。对这111个基因的趋势分析表明，其中91个基因在EV-A71和CV-A16感染中表现出相同的趋势，包括49个上调基因和42个下调基因。这91个基因被进一步用于进行GO，途径和共表达网络分析。发现丰富的GO术语（如组蛋白乙酰化和磷酸化的正调控）和途径（如糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）-锚定生物合成和DNA复制）可能与这两种病毒的致病机制和关键基因密切相关。 （例如TBCK和GPC）可能与手足口病的进展有关。最后，我们随机选择10个差异表达基因进行qRT-PCR，以验证转录组测序数据。qRT-PCR实验结果与转录组测序结果基本一致。总的来说，我们的结果为EV-A71和CV-A16诱导的手足口病的发病机理提供了线索。发现丰富的GO术语（如组蛋白乙酰化和磷酸化的正调控）和途径（如糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）-锚定生物合成和DNA复制）可能与这两种病毒的致病机制和关键基因密切相关。 （例如TBCK和GPC）可能与手足口病的进展有关。最后，我们随机选择10个差异表达基因进行qRT-PCR，以验证转录组测序数据。qRT-PCR实验结果与转录组测序结果基本一致。总的来说，我们的结果为EV-A71和CV-A16诱导的手足口病的发病机理提供了线索。发现丰富的GO术语（如组蛋白乙酰化和磷酸化的正调控）和途径（如糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）-锚定生物合成和DNA复制）可能与这两种病毒的致病机制和关键基因密切相关。 （例如TBCK和GPC）可能与手足口病的进展有关。最后，我们随机选择10个差异表达基因进行qRT-PCR，以验证转录组测序数据。qRT-PCR实验结果与转录组测序结果基本一致。总的来说，我们的结果为EV-A71和CV-A16诱导的手足口病的发病机理提供了线索。