Groundwater contamination in the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain has reportedly been affected by various factors, such as mineral dissolution, overexploitation, precipitation, and ion exchange. This study was designed to interpret the hydrochemical fluctuations in the groundwater sources of a rural area in Raebareli district. Groundwater is slightly alkaline and affected by the issues of fluoride, salinity, hardness, and nitrate. The Pollution Index of Groundwater significantly categorize 57% and 79% of the samples under the “insignificant pollution” category during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The Health risk assessment indicated the high susceptibility of children toward health risks. It also indicated that fluoride had greater impact than nitrate in the study area. The multivariate statistical analysis indicates that anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural practices, including excessive fertilizer application and improper domestic and cattle waste management, are probable causes of groundwater contamination through NO₃⁻, Cl⁻, Na⁺, and K⁺. Furthermore, the base exchange index classified 71.43% samples in pre-monsoon and 78.57% in post-monsoon as Na-HCO₃ type. The meteoric genesis index suggested that 78.57% and 85.71% of the samples belong to shallow meteoric water percolation type during pre- and post-monsoon periods, respectively. The Piper plots revealed that HCO₃–Ca·Mg and SO₄·Cl–Na + K type are the prominent facies in the area, with dominance of alkalis and weak acids. According to Gibbs plot, majority of the samples fall under “rock dominance” suggesting that “rock-water” interaction was the dominant natural process controlling the groundwater chemistry.

据报道，印度恒河冲积平原的地下水污染受到多种因素的影响，例如矿物溶解，过度开采，降水和离子交换。本研究旨在解释Raebareli地区农村地区地下水源中的水化学波动。地下水略带碱性，并受氟化物，盐度，硬度和硝酸盐问题的影响。在季风前和季风后期间，地下水污染指数将57％和79％的样本显着归为“微不足道”类别。健康风险评估表明儿童对健康风险的敏感性较高。这也表明氟化物在研究区域的影响大于硝酸盐。₃ ^- ，氯^- ，钠⁺和K ⁺。此外，基础交换指数将季风前的样本中71.43％和季风后的样本中的78.57％归为Na-HCO ₃类型。陨石成因指数表明，在季风前后，分别有78.57％和85.71％的样本属于浅层大气渗流类型。Piper曲线表明，HCO ₃ -Ca·Mg和SO ₄ ·Cl-Na + K型是该地区的突出相，以碱和弱酸为主。根据吉布斯图，大多数样品属于“岩石优势”，这表明“岩石-水”相互作用是控制地下水化学的主要自然过程。