Wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has recently attracted researchers to produce metal components with a high-deposition rate. Many researchers are trying to establish the WAAM process as a high-deposition metal additive manufacturing (AM) process. A computationally efficient mathematical model used for the metal-AM process yields a framework for component qualification as per international standards. Since heat transaction in the AM process can control the thermal-field generated through continuous heat deposition. Therefore, the present study focuses on the critical review of multi-physics continuum modelling of WAAM at a macro-scale level. Thermo-mechanical model for WAAM has been discussed extensively, i.e., heat-source models, materials models, meshing strategy, and boundary conditions. Further, a review of the simulation results discussed as thermal fields, residual stress and distortion, and experimental validation to provide a critique of real-life experiments. Also, various residual stress/distortion mitigation techniques used in the WAAM have been compiled to provide a framework for future directions.

线弧增材制造（WAAM）最近吸引了研究人员生产高沉积速率的金属部件。许多研究人员正在尝试将WAAM工艺建立为高沉积金属增材制造（AM）工艺。用于金属增材制造过程的高效计算数学模型为按照国际标准的组件鉴定提供了框架。由于AM过程中的热交换可以控制通过连续热沉积产生的热场。因此，本研究的重点是从宏观角度对WAAM的多物理场连续模型进行批判性审查。已经广泛讨论了WAAM的热力学模型，即热源模型，材料模型，网格划分策略和边界条件。进一步，讨论了模拟结果的讨论，包括热场，残余应力和变形以及实验验证，以提供对实际实验的评论。同样，WAAM中使用的各种残余应力/变形缓解技术已被编译，以提供未来方向的框架。