As a part of domain-specific development, Domain-Specific Language (DSL) is widely used in both the academia and industry to solve different aspects of the problems in engineering. A DSL is a customized language whose expressiveness is tailored to a well-defined application domain, so as to offer an effective interface for the domain experts. To mitigate the programming complexity of the General-Purpose Programming Languages, and meanwhile maintain the precise expression towards some exact engineering domains, DSLs present a higher level of abstraction than low-level interfaces, while providing much more flexibility than high-level interfaces. Nevertheless, it lacks a survey to have a systematic overview of the essential commonalities shared by those works. In this survey, we take a brand-new perspective, to categorize the state-of-the-art works into different categories, tailored to three fundamental implementation concerns of DSLs: abstract syntax, concrete syntax, and semantics. Specifically, they are characterized according to their parsing and mapping strategy (external/internal) between the abstract syntax and concrete syntax, the mapping results (textual/graphical symbols), and also the functions they emphasize (modeling, visualizing, etc.). Integrated with the literature, we finally summarized the research overview of DSLs.

作为特定领域开发的一部分，特定领域语言（DSL）在学术界和行业中广泛使用，以解决工程问题的不同方面。DSL是一种自定义语言，其表达针对特定定义的应用程序域进行了定制，从而为领域专家提供了有效的接口。为了减轻通用编程语言的编程复杂性，同时保持对某些确切工程领域的精确表达，DSL提供了比低级接口更高的抽象级别，同时提供了比高级别接口更多的灵活性。但是，它缺乏一项调查，无法对这些作品共有的基本共性进行系统的概述。在本次调查中，我们采用了全新的视角，将最新技术分为不同的类别，以适应DSL的三个基本实现问题：抽象语法，具体语法和语义。具体来说，根据抽象语法和具体语法之间的解析和映射策略（外部/内部），映射结果（文本/图形符号）以及它们强调的功能（建模，可视化等）来表征它们。结合文献，我们最后总结了DSL的研究概况。映射结果（文本/图形符号），以及它们强调的功能（建模，可视化等）。结合文献，我们最后总结了DSL的研究概况。映射结果（文本/图形符号），以及它们强调的功能（建模，可视化等）。结合文献，我们最后总结了DSL的研究概况。