Micro-milling is a precision manufacturing process with broad applications across the biomedical, electronics, aerospace, and aeronautical industries owing to its versatility, capability, economy, and efficiency in a wide range of materials. In particular, the micro-milling process is highly suitable for very precise and accurate machining of mold prototypes with high aspect ratios in the microdomain, as well as for rapid micro-texturing and micro-patterning, which will have great importance in the near future in bio-implant manufacturing. This is particularly true for machining of typical difficult-to-machine materials commonly found in both the mold and orthopedic implant industries. However, inherent physical process constraints of machining arise as macro-milling is scaled down to the microdomain. This leads to some physical phenomena during micro-milling such as chip formation, size effect, and process instabilities. These dynamic physical process phenomena are introduced and discussed in detail. It is important to remember that these phenomena have multifactor effects during micro-milling, which must be taken into consideration to maximize the performance of the process. The most recent research on the micro-milling process inputs is discussed in detail from a process output perspective to determine how the process as a whole can be improved. Additionally, newly developed processes that combine conventional micro-milling with other technologies, which have great prospects in reducing the issues related to the physical process phenomena, are also introduced. Finally, the major applications of this versatile precision machining process are discussed with important insights into how the application range may be further broadened.

微铣削是一种精密制造工艺，由于其对多种材料的多功能性、能力、经济性和效率，在生物医学、电子、航空航天和航空工业中具有广泛的应用。尤其是，微铣削工艺非常适合在微域中对高纵横比的模具原型进行非常精确和准确的加工，以及快速微纹理和微图案化，这将在不久的将来具有重要意义在生物植入物制造中。对于模具和骨科植入物行业中常见的典型难加工材料的加工尤其如此。然而，随着宏观铣削被缩小到微域，机械加工的固有物理过程约束出现。这会导致微铣削过程中出现一些物理现象，例如切屑形成、尺寸效应和工艺不稳定性。对这些动态物理过程现象进行了详细介绍和讨论。重要的是要记住，这些现象在微铣削过程中具有多因素影响，必须考虑到这些因素才能最大限度地提高工艺性能。从过程输出的角度详细讨论了对微铣削过程输入的最新研究，以确定如何改进整个过程。此外，还介绍了将传统微铣削与其他技术相结合的新开发工艺，在减少与物理加工现象相关的问题方面具有广阔的前景。最后，