As the gravity formation flying spacecraft jointly developed by National Aeronautics and Space Administration and German Research Centre for Geosciences, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE follow-on (GRACE-FO) satellites have adopted the same K-band ranging system and orbit design in order to detect the Earth’s gravity field information. Different from the BlackJack receiver onboard GRACE, a TriG GNSS receiver is loaded on the GRACE-FO satellites. The orbit determination accuracy of GRACE is better than 2.5 cm, but for GRACE-FO there is no comprehensive assessment of orbit accuracy. We discuss the quality of Global Positioning System data, as well as effects of phase center variation (PCV) model and attitude for GRACE and GRACE-FO. The results show that there is no significant difference in terms of rate of change in ionospheric delay (IOD) and multipath effect, which suggests that the performance of TriG receiver is as excellent as that of BlackJack receiver. After using PCV corrections, the root mean square (RMS) errors of kinematic and reduced-dynamic (RD) orbit residuals decrease by 0.4–0.5 and 0.6–0.9 mm, respectively. Satellite laser ranging RMS errors for RD orbit solutions are lower than 2.59 cm whether PCV corrections are used or not. The effect of attitude data on kinematic and RD orbits indicates that nominal attitude data can reliably replace measured attitude data in GRACE-FO orbit determination.

作为由美国国家航空航天局和德国地球科学研究中心共同开发的重力形成飞行航天器，重力恢复和气候实验（GRACE）和GRACE后续（GRACE-FO）卫星采用了相同的K波段测距系统和轨道设计以检测地球的重力场信息。与GRACE上的BlackJack接收器不同，在GRACE-FO卫星上装有TriG GNSS接收器。GRACE的轨道确定精度优于2.5 cm，但是对于GRACE-FO，没有对轨道精度的全面评估。我们讨论了全球定位系统数据的质量，以及相位中心变化（PCV）模型和GRACE和GRACE-FO态度的影响。结果表明，电离层延迟（IOD）的变化率和多径效应没有显着差异，这表明TriG接收器的性能与BlackJack接收器一样出色。使用PCV校正后，运动和降低动力（RD）轨道残差的均方根（RMS）误差分别减小0.4-0.5和0.6-0.9 mm。无论是否使用PCV校正，RD轨道解决方案的卫星激光测距RMS误差均低于2.59厘米。姿态数据对运动和RD轨道的影响表明，名义姿态数据可以可靠地替代GRACE-FO轨道确定中的测得姿态数据。使用PCV校正后，运动和降低动力（RD）轨道残差的均方根（RMS）误差分别减小0.4-0.5和0.6-0.9 mm。无论是否使用PCV校正，RD轨道解决方案的卫星激光测距RMS误差均低于2.59厘米。姿态数据对运动和RD轨道的影响表明，名义姿态数据可以可靠地代替GRACE-FO轨道确定中的测得姿态数据。使用PCV校正后，运动和降低动力（RD）轨道残差的均方根（RMS）误差分别减小0.4-0.5和0.6-0.9 mm。无论是否使用PCV校正，RD轨道解决方案的卫星激光测距RMS误差均低于2.59厘米。姿态数据对运动和RD轨道的影响表明，名义姿态数据可以可靠地替代GRACE-FO轨道确定中的测得姿态数据。