The crude methanolic extract obtained from Verbascum nigrum aerial parts (VNE) and its six fractions (VNF1–VNF6) were initially screened regarding their effects on the viability of immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes and A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells (MTT assay, 24 h). None of the tested samples affected the viability of HaCaT cells in a concentration range of 25–150 μg/mL. VNE and VNF4 exhibited significant cytotoxic effects in A431 cells, with IC50 values of 81.92 and 12.27 μg/mL, respectively; the selectivity index was higher than 10 for VNF4. The untargeted LC/HR‐MS/MS metabolite profiling led to the tentative annotation of a total number of 23 compounds. Of these, VNE comprised mainly iridoid glycosides (harpagoside, laterioside, acylated aucubin derivatives), whereas VNF4 showed a high abundance of triterpene saponin glycosides (ilwensisaponins A and C, songarosaponins A and B), constituents known for their selective cytotoxic potential.

中文翻译：

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Verbascum nigrum L.：A431 表皮样癌细胞的细胞毒性评估和非靶向 LC-HRMS/MS 代谢物分析

从马鞭草地上部分 (VNE) 及其六个部分 (VNF1-VNF6) 中获得的粗甲醇提取物初步筛选了它们对永生化 HaCaT 角质形成细胞和 A431 表皮样癌细胞活力的影响（MTT 测定，24 小时）。在 25–150 μg/mL 的浓度范围内，所有测试样品均不影响 HaCaT 细胞的活力。VNE和VNF4在A431细胞中表现出显着的细胞毒作用，IC50值分别为81.92和12.27 μg/mL；VNF4 的选择性指数高于 10。非靶向 LC/HR-MS/MS 代谢物分析导致对总共 23 种化合物的初步注释。其中，VNE 主要包括环烯醚萜苷（哈帕果苷、侧柏苷、酰化桃叶珊瑚苷衍生物）、