调整工程纳米材料以增强癌症放射治疗的机制,Advanced Science

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调整工程纳米材料以增强癌症放射治疗的机制
Advanced Science ( IF 14.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 , DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003584
Sandhya Clement ₁ , Jared M Campbell ₁ , Wei Deng ₁ , Anna Guller _{1,

2} , Saadia Nisar ₁ , Guozhen Liu ₁ , Brian C Wilson ₃ , Ewa M Goldys ₁

Affiliation

工程纳米材料在暴露于放射治疗中使用的 X 射线和伽马射线时产生活性氧，为新型癌症治疗策略提供了希望。与光动力疗法类似，但适用于大而深的肿瘤，这种新方法将纳米材料作为敏化剂与临床放射相结合，在耐受性良好的低辐射剂量下可以有效。适当设计的纳米材料可以通过增加肿瘤选择性和减少副作用来增强癌症放射治疗。此外，纳米材料平台还提供具有治疗价值的功能，包括分子靶向、药物/基因递送以及触发药物释放的适应性反应。这种纳米材料与放射治疗相结合的潜力已得到广泛认可。为了进一步突破，并促进临床转化，应明确适用的原则和基础。本综述重点关注支撑合理纳米材料设计以增强放射治疗的机制，对其的理解将有助于采用新方法来优化其治疗效果。还展示了设计具有优化抗癌性能的纳米材料的路线图，并讨论了潜在的临床意义和未来的转化。

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Mechanisms for Tuning Engineered Nanomaterials to Enhance Radiation Therapy of Cancer

Engineered nanomaterials that produce reactive oxygen species on exposure to X‐ and gamma‐rays used in radiation therapy offer promise of novel cancer treatment strategies. Similar to photodynamic therapy but suitable for large and deep tumors, this new approach where nanomaterials acting as sensitizing agents are combined with clinical radiation can be effective at well‐tolerated low radiation doses. Suitably engineered nanomaterials can enhance cancer radiotherapy by increasing the tumor selectivity and decreasing side effects. Additionally, the nanomaterial platform offers therapeutically valuable functionalities, including molecular targeting, drug/gene delivery, and adaptive responses to trigger drug release. The potential of such nanomaterials to be combined with radiotherapy is widely recognized. In order for further breakthroughs to be made, and to facilitate clinical translation, the applicable principles and fundamentals should be articulated. This review focuses on mechanisms underpinning rational nanomaterial design to enhance radiation therapy, the understanding of which will enable novel ways to optimize its therapeutic efficacy. A roadmap for designing nanomaterials with optimized anticancer performance is also shown and the potential clinical significance and future translation are discussed.

更新日期：2020-12-16

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